环氧司坦在大鼠的药代动力学

大鼠灌胃(ig)环氧司坦三种剂量50,100及200 mg·kg^-1后,测定12 h的血药浓度,根据各鼠血药浓度—时间数据拟合曲线,均呈一室动力学模型。其Ka分别为0.578 h^-1,0.553 h^-1,0.439 h^-1;K分别为0.308 h^-1,0.282 h^-1,0.224 h^-1;T_1/2分别为2.27 h,2.54 h,3.12 h;AUC分别为786.89,1644.43和3335.35 μg·h^-1·ml^-1。组织中以肾上腺、肝、胃肠、生殖器(子宫与卵巢)为高,其次是肾、心、脑、肺、脾,高峰浓度在3 h左右,与血药浓度分布情况一致。三种剂量的血浆蛋白结合率均在90%左右,结合率与给药剂量无关。原形药在胆汁、尿及粪便中排泄百分率甚少。提示大部分药物可能在体内进行转化。     

Vagina: evaluation with MR imaging. Part II. Neoplasms

The potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection of vaginal tumors and the assessment of their extent was evaluated retrospectively in 87 patients in whom primary, metastatic, or recurrent vaginal cancer was clinically suspected. MR findings were compared with the results of surgery and/or biopsy. Results of histopathologic study verified a normal vagina in 51 patients, benign cysts in two, primary tumor in four, metastatic cancer in 22, and recurrent tumor in eight. MR imaging demonstrated the two benign cysts, correctly depicting their size and location, and demonstrated and enabled correct staging of the four primary tumors. MR accuracy for demonstrating metastatic cancer was 92%, sensitivity was 95%, and specificity was 90%. Tumor extension to the vagina was reliably excluded (negative predictive value = 97%), but false-positive interpretations occurred (positive predictive value = 84%) primarily because inflammation (n = 2) and congestion (n = 2) could not be distinguished from tumor invasion. An additional role of MR imaging was the ability to differentiate tumor from fibrotic tissue in patients with suspected recurrent vaginal carcinoma. The overall accuracy of MR imaging for recurrent vaginal cancer was 82% (14 of 17).     

Detection of pneumocystis DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of leukaemic infants with pneumonia

The technique of polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Pneumocystis carinii DNA in nasopharyngeal secretions of three infants with leukaemia who had the clinical features of P carinii pneumonia. The use of this non-invasive technique allowed the early diagnosis and treatment of these infants whose protocols did not include the use of prophylactic co-trimoxazole.     

A New Technique for the Management of Vesicorectal Fistulas

We report a new technique for the management of the complications of vesicorectal fistulas. The patient we present had a fistula and severe skin excoriation. The fistula was caused by carcinoma of the prostate that had been treated by radiation therapy. The fistula was patched with a rectal prosthesis similar to that used to patch esophageal-tracheal and esophageal-bronchial fistulas.     

LIPID PROFILE IN NORMAL HEALTHY CHILDREN

One hundred and fifty healthy children in the age group of 0–12 years were studied to establish normal levels of lipid profile. They were divided into six equal groups viz., newborns, 0–1 year, 1–4 years, 4–7 years, 7–10 years and 10–12 years. The mean values ± SD for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were 70 ± 14.48 mg/dl, 35.1 ± 8.04 mg/dl, 23.8 ± 10.62 mg/dl and 50.9 ± 20.77 mg/dl respectively for male neonates and 71.8 ± 13.96 mg/dl, 34.6 ± 6.55 mg/dl, 25.5 ± 9.29 mg/dl and 57.2 ± 18.57 mg/dl respectively for female neonates. These values increased to 158.7 ± 21.23 mg/dl, 60.7 ± 11.70 mg/dl, 80.3 ± 19.26 mg/dl, 86.7 ± 28.80 mg/dl in males and 161.6 ± 23.09 mg/dl 66.7 ± 8.75 mg/dl, 75.8 ± 20.26 mg/dl and 93.2 ± 44.09 mg/dl in females respectively between 10–12 years of age, The various lipid fractions were at the lowest level at birth and increased significantly during first year of life, there after showing a much slower rise in levels. There was no significant difference in values between male and female children.KEY WORDS: Lipid profile, Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Triglycerides     

Right-pneumonectomy syndrome: radiologic findings and CT correlation

The clinical history and radiographic and bronchoscopic findings were reviewed retrospectively in five patients with right-pneumonectomy syndrome, a rare, delayed complication of pneumonectomy of the right lung. Four patients had undergone pneumonectomy in childhood or adolescence. Presenting symptoms of dyspnea and recurrent pulmonary infections in the left lung were associated with radiographic evidence of marked rightward and posterior deviation of the mediastinum, counterclockwise rotation of the heart and great vessels, and herniation of the left lung into the right, anterior side of the chest. Computed tomography, performed in four patients, best demonstrated resultant compression of the distal trachea and left main bronchus between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Malacia of the major airways (n = 4 cases) and mediastinal shift was visualized only with fluoroscopy and was confirmed by bronchoscopy. Because of the morbidity and mortality associated with dyspnea and recurrent pulmonary infections, proper radiologic evaluation is crucial, and surgical intervention is often necessary.