Comparison of mortality risk associated with bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the clinical impact of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus causing infection complicated by bacteremia in adult patients, while controlling for the severity of patients' underlying illnesses. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study from October 1, 1995, through December 31, 2003. PATIENTS AND SETTING: A total of 438 patients with S. aureus infection complicated by bacteremia from a single Veterans Affairs healthcare system. RESULTS: We found that 193 (44%) of the 438 patients had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection and 114 (26%) died of causes attributable to S. aureus infection within 90 days after the infection was identified. Patients with MRSA infection had a higher mortality risk, compared with patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections (relative risk, 1.7 [95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.4]; P<.01), except for patients with pneumonia (relative risk, 0.7 [95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.3]). Patients with MRSA infections were significantly older (P<.01), had more underlying diseases (P=.02), and were more likely to have severe sepsis in response to their infection (P<.01) compared with patients with MSSA bacteremia. Patients who died within 90 days after S. aureus infection was identified were significantly older (P<.01) and more likely to have severe sepsis (P<.01) and pneumonia (P=.01), compared with patients who survived. After adjusting for age as a confounder, comorbidities, and pneumonia as an effect modifier, S. aureus infection-related mortality remained significantly higher in patients with MRSA infection than in those with MSSA infection, among those without pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.0]); P<.01. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that patients with MRSA infections other than pneumonia have a higher mortality risk than patients with MSSA infections other than pneumonia, independent of the severity of patients' underlying illnesses.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测PML-RARα融合基因的临床应用研究

目的 利用PML-RARα融合基因作为标志物,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,监测急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)微小残留病(minimal residual disease,MRD)患者体内病毒的状态,探讨预测APL复发风险的方法.方法 利用本实验室建立的定量检测APL患者PML-RARα融合基因的方法,对25例处于初诊、完全缓解(complete remission,CR)、复发等不同阶段的APL患者进行了PML-RARα融合基因的定量检测,并对其中6例患者的MRD状态进行了动态监测.结果 应用荧光定量PCR技术分析患者初诊、CR和复发状态的PML-RARα基因对数值(lg)水平,结果 显示有统计学意义(x2=6.847,P＜0.05);随访期患者的PML-RARα对数值(lg)水平变化较大:初诊时较高(-0.61±0.79),CR时下降(-1.31±0.62),复发时又出现上升(-0.57±0.44),提示若该患者在CR时的对数值呈现上升趋势,患者复发的机率大.结论 应用实时荧光定量(RQ)-PCR技术定量检测PML-RARα融合基因,对监测APL患者MRD状态具有临床适用性,随访期的MRD动态追踪监测具有预后价值.     

电子文献数据库收录期刊的质量瑕疵及对策

 

以限题检索为手段，以收录期刊所载论文为指标，比较分析了国内常用的4种医学电子文献数据库收录医学期刊的质量。结果表明4种医学电子文献数据库均存在收录“非法医学期刊”之瑕疵，但各数据库的收录量有差异。提示广大读者和电子文献数据库使用者注意，并针对此问题提出了相应的对策和建议。

     

急性输液反应的影响因素及防治措施

目的 对临床发生的急性输液反应进行分析，找出发生的原因，探讨预防措施。方法对201885例次输液治疗中的52例次输液反应资料进行分析。结果 经分析，属药物因素27例（52％），属操作因素11例（21％），属病人因素11例（21％），属输液器具因素3例（6％）。结论 把好药品和操作关，改善操作环境，严格操作规程是减少输液反应的关键。     

Clinical Experience in TCM Differential Treatment of Fatty Liver

In recent years, with improvement of living standard, changes in dietary structure and technical progress in medical tests, the rate of detecting fatty liver has been rising, hence constant increase in its incidence. Based on the TCM principle for differentiating syndromes, the authors have achieved remarkable curative effects in treating fatty liver. TCM Conception on Fatty Liver There is no fatty liver in the terms of TCM. However, according to its clinical manifestations, the disease may belong to the categories of “abdominal mass”, “mass at hypochondria”, “hypochondriac pain”, “accumulation of phlegm with stasis”. Its etiology and pathogenesis mainly lie in uncontrolled diet or     

还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠肝星状细胞TIMP—1表达的影响

目的 研究还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠肝星状细胞（hepatic stellate,cells,HSC)中金属蛋白酶1组织抑制因子（TIMP－2）表达的影响。从分子和蛋白水平探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠肝纤维化的作用和可能机制。方法 采用50％CCl4制备大鼠肝纤维化模型，在造模过程中给予还原型谷胱甘肽进行干预。应用RT－PCR才Western Blot技术，在分子和蛋白水平检测体外分离大鼠HSC中的TIMP－1的表达情况。结果 还原型谷胱甘肽干预组与模型组和正常对照组相比，HSC中TIMP的表达降低（P＜0．05）。结论 还原型谷胱甘肽的干预可下调大鼠HSC中TIMP－1的表达，对实验性肝纤维化起到减轻作用。     

拉米夫定阻断乙型肝炎病毒宫内传播的临床探讨

【目的】研究拉米夫定对HBsAg阳性孕妇的乙肝病毒 (HBV)宫内阻断作用。【方法】拉米夫定组 43例 ,孕 2 8周起口服拉米夫定 ,每天 10 0mg至产后 30d。对照组 5 2例 ,未予用药。两组孕妇均于孕 2 8周、分娩前 ,其新生儿于生后 2 4h内免疫接种前抽静脉血检测HBsAg、HBeAg及HBV的定量。【结果】拉米夫定组孕妇HBV的DNA水平显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其新生儿宫内感染率 (16 3% )明显低于对照组 (32 7% ) ,P <0 0 5。两组孕妇及其新生儿未发现有不良反应。【结论】携带HBV孕妇产前服用拉米夫定可有效减少HBV宫内感染发生率。     

生物化学与细胞生物学课程整合的探讨

为了适应新世纪教学内容和课程体系改革的要求,我校借鉴美国哈佛大学医学院的经验,将生物化学与细胞生物学两门课程整合为“细胞的化学与生物学”。整合后在减少两个学科间重复内容、增加学科间联系、减少学时、早期接触临床、培养学生分析解决问题的能力、创新能力等方面有了很大改进,为这两门课程的改革开辟了新途径。     

实验性室间隔缺损心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ受体表达的变化

目的　探讨实验性室间隔缺损 ( VSD)动物左右心室心肌血管紧张素 受体的改变。方法　建立猪实验性室间隔缺损动物模型 ,术后 1月取左右心室组织 ,通过放射性配体受体结合分析法测定每 10 6个细胞上血管紧张素 受体 ( AT1 R、AT2 R)的最大结合量 ( Bmax)和平衡解离常数 ( KD)。结果　假手术组与正常组动物受体的 Bmax和KD改变无统计学意义 ,手术组动物左室 AT1 R、右室 AT1 R和 AT2 R的 Bmax值 (分别为 188.42± 13 3 .97、2 72 .14±2 3 2 .74、40 .42± 3 4.76fmol/ 10 6 ,对照组 AT1 R和 AT2 R的 Bmax值左室为 2 9.2 0± 19.5 0和 2 .90± 0 .64 ,右室为76.72± 5 1.2 1和 9.63± 1.2 7fm ol/ L )增高明显 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　心内左向右所引起的心室容量负荷过重 ,导致AT1 R的表达增高 ,是 VSD心室肥厚及重构的重要机制 ;AT2 R在右心室表达增高 ,可能是中等程度容量负荷的VSD容易出现左室肥厚而非右室肥厚的原因