Medical causes and histological pattern of glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the commonest causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) and end stage renal failure (ESRF). The outcome largely depends on the underlying medical cause, clinical findings and histological appearance. 1188 patients were taken in this study. Of these, 980 had primary and 208 secondary GN. Commonest histological types of primary GN were mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (31%) and membranous nephropathy (21%). Among patients with secondary GN, predominant cause was lupus nephritis (76%) followed by poststreptococcal GN (18%). Clinically, nephrotic syndrome was present in 54%, hypertension in 39% and renal failure in 28%. But clinical pictures were variable among different histological types of GN.     

与帕金森病相关的中国专利法律状态

统计1985～2006年与帕金森病相关的中国专利法律状态,从申请人国籍和类型等方面进行分析,为改进在该领域的专利竞争策略给出一些建议。     

交通伤的院前急救疾病谱分析

目的：通过大量的统计数据分析，了解唐山市院前急救交通伤患者的疾病谱，寻找变化规律，指导急救实践。方法：选取1998、2002、2006这3年需要院前急救多达1381例交通伤患者记录进行统计分析，根据患者的性别、年龄、就诊时间、急诊诊断等要素进行相关性分析。结果：通过抽取三年院前急救统计数据，发现1998～2006年八年来唐山市院前急救交通伤案例的性别、时间分布、年龄分布等有了很大的差异性。引起这种差异性变化的原因可能与社会环境的变化相关。结论：（1）八年来，院前急救交通伤病例的性别、年龄分布、时间分布都随着社会环境的变化发生了很大变化，根据这种变化，急救工作的管理也要科学的调整；（2）根据交通伤院前急救疾病谱变迁，对院前急救工作者的培训工作进行调整。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞免疫抑制功能的研究

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)免疫抑制功能.方法 收集北京大学人民医院22例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)以及18名健康对照的PBMC标本,以流式分析对PBMC中CD4+ CD25+ Treg的频率进行分析;5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU)掺入法评价CD4+ CD25+ Treg的免疫抑制功能;并同时通过磁珠分选去除CHB患者PBMC中的CD4+ CD25+ Treg,分别以MHC-肽-五聚体法和酶联斑点免疫法(Elispot)检测HBVcore18-27抗原肽刺激对HBV特异性的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTLs)的频率以及IFN-γ的分泌.结果 CHB患者外周血中CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞群所占CD4+T细胞群的比例明显高于健康对照(t=3.74,P＜0.01);CHB患者CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞可非特异抑制自身活化的CD4+ CD25- T细胞,并呈剂量依赖的特点,且抑制能力与健康对照相比无明显差异;在经HBVcore18-27抗原肽诱导条件下,去除CD4+ CD25+ Treg CHB患者,HBVcore18-27特异性CTLs的频率以及CTLs分泌IFN-γ的频数与未去除CD4+ CD25+ Treg组比出现显著上调(t=4.75,t=7.828,P＜0.01).结论 CHB患者循环中CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞频率升高.在体外去除CHB患者PBMC的CD4+ CD25+ Treg后可显著地增强HBV抗原诱导的抗HBV细胞免疫应答.     

缺血后处理对鼠肺缺血-再灌注损伤中氧化状态的影响

目的 研究缺血后处理对于肺缺血-再灌注损伤早期内源性氧化/抗氧化系统及一氧化氮水平的影响.方法 24只雄性SD大鼠,分为假手术组(S),缺血-再灌注组(I/R)以及缺血后处理组(IPO)(每组8只),分别检测肺组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)及一氧化氮(NO)的水平;黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)及髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性;抗氧化酶包括:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GPX)的活性.结果 IPO组与I/R组相比较,其抗氧化系统:SOD(41.4±4.4)U/mg vs(19.6±2.8)U/mg、CAT(19.5±1.6)U/mg vs(8.4±0.8)U/mg、GPX(168±13)U/mg vs(72±8)U/mg)和GSH(1.72±0.26)mg/g vs(0.89±0.07)mg/g蛋白的水平明显升高(均P＜0.05);氧化状态指标:XO(50±6)U/g vs(83±8)U/g,MPO(5.0±0.5)U/g vs(7.6±0.7)U/g和MDA(0.91±0.08)nmol/mg vs(1.58±0.17)nmol/mg的水平显著降低(均P＜0.05);并且内源性NO[(93±7)μmoL/g vs(22±4)μmol/g]的水平也明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 在再灌注初期的后处理可以减轻肺缺血-再灌注损伤,其保护作用一定程度上是通过抑制氧化剂的产生以及氧化作用,并且内源性NO也许和后处理的保护作用有关.     

Epstein-Barr virus associated extranodal natural killer T cell lymphoma of nasal type mimicking pyogenic osteomyelitis of the proximal humerus

Extranodal natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma/leukemia, nasal type, is rare but highly aggressive. These neoplasms are found to be associated with infection of the Epstein-barr virus (EBV). We report a male patient who suffered from EBV associated NK/T cell lymphoma of the proximal humerus but presented as pyogenic osteomyelitis with the clinical signs and symptoms of fever, local erythema, elevated erythrocyte sedimation rate and C-reactive protein. The patient was treated using antibiotic therapy but the clinical course did not improve until the initiation of systemic chemotherapy. The patient developed tumor recurrence and died due to pneumonia and respiratory failure 10 months after the initial diagnosis. The purpose of this case report was to emphasize the unusual presentation of a neoplasm mimicking osteomyelitis.     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块性质的诊断价值

目的 分析离体冠状动脉内不同病理类型的粥样硬化斑块的CT值范围,探讨利用CT值对不同类型的粥样硬化斑块进行定性诊断的可行性.方法 选取25例离体心脏标本,其中冠状动脉内含有粥样硬化斑块的心脏标本9例.将造影剂稀释后,注入冠状动脉标本内,分别应用16排、64排螺旋CT机对标本进行薄层扫描,对发现的粥样硬化斑块进行CT值测量后,制成切片,进行病理分型.结果 CT共发现冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块38个,通过与病理对照,得出当管腔CT值约为370 HU时,16排CT的测量结果为软斑块的平均CT值为(53±12)HU,纤维斑块的平均CT值为(106±17)HU,钙化斑块的平均CT值为(429±94)HU;64排CT的测量结果为软斑块的平均CT值为(51±13)HU,纤维斑块的平均CT值为(110±19)HU,钙化斑块的平均CT值为(435±87)HU.3种类型斑块间的CT值差异有统计学意义,软斑块的CT值明显低于纤维斑块,纤维斑块的CT值明显低于钙化斑块.16排和64排螺旋CT对3种类型斑块的CT值测量结果差异无统计学意义.结论 应用CT可以对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块进行无创性评价,CT值是鉴别不同类型的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的一个很有价值的指标,对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

人肺癌高低转移细胞株差异表达基因的筛选

目的 筛选高低转移能力人肺癌细胞株PG-BE1和PG-LH7间差异表达基因.方法 进行两次抑制性消减杂交,第一次以PG-BE1细胞株为实验方、PG-LH7株为驱动方构建正向消减文库;第二次以PG-LH7株为实验方、PG-BE1为驱动方构建反向消减文库.筛选出来的阳性克隆进行测序,并在Gene Bank数据库中进行同源性比较.结果 2个消减文库共得到122个阳性克隆,随机选取10个克隆测序并进行同源性分析,发现其中9条序列来自于已知基因,另外1条序列为新的基因序列标签.结论 成功构建了高低转移力人肺癌细胞株的双向消减杂交文库.     

缬沙坦对实验性兔动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响

目的 研究缬沙坦对实验性兔动脉粥样硬化血管壁过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)的影响.方法 24只新西兰白兔随机分为3组:正常对照组、动脉粥样硬化(AS)造模组、缬沙坦干预组,喂养12周.进行血脂测定、主动脉内膜/中膜比值测定,采用RT-PCR检测PPARγ和MCP-1 mRNA的表达.结果 缬沙坦组血管壁PPARγ mRNA的表达较AS组明显增加(P＜0.05), 缬沙坦组血管壁MCP-1mRNA的表达较AS组明显减少(P＜0.05).血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇缬沙坦组与AS组比较均无显著性差异 (P＞0.05), 但均高于对照组(P＜0.01).缬沙坦组内膜/中膜厚度比值较AS组明显减小(P＜0.05).结论 缬沙坦能够抑制血管壁细胞MCP-1的表达, 其具有抗炎作用, 抗炎作用可能与其改善PPARγ表达有关.     

Mechanisms involved in the hypotensive effect of a kappa-opioid receptor agonist in hypertensive rats

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the activation of kappa-opioid receptors has strong hypotensive effects under hypertensive condition, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study is designed to use spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to investigate the effects of a kappa-opioid receptor agonist on the regulation of urinary formation in hypertensive conditions and to identify its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The hemodynamics, urine flow rate, vasodilatation of isolated renal artery, and plasma hormones were determined by physiological in vivo experimental technique, isolated artery perfusion technique and radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Intravenous administration of U50, 448H significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure in both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR. However, the blood pressure vasodepressor effect of U50, 448H was much more profound in SHR than in WKY rats. Administration of U50, 448H in SHR not only caused significantly greater effects in increasing urine volume and decreasing plasma anti-diuretic hormone than in WKY rats, but also caused significant reduction in plasma angiotensin. Moreover, vasodilatory effect of U50, 488H was significantly exhibited in the renal artery segments isolated from SHR. All effects described above were abolished by nor-binaltorphimine. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the depressor effect of U50, 488H in SHR is significantly stronger than that in WKY rats, and the effect is mediated or modulated by a kappa-opioid receptor sensitive mechanism. The sensitized hypotensive effect of U50, 488H in SHR may be attributed, in part, to its vasodilatory effect, enhanced beneficial effect on plasma humoral factors, and stronger diuretic effect in these hypertensive animals.