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141.
Academic uroradiology: the future 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Radiologic education, research, and the practice of radiology will be of the highest quality in the future if academic departments stress organ-system subspecialization while continuing to integrate and interface with technique-based specialists. Planning should begin now to effect an orderly progression to an organ-system-based subspecialty structure for radiology training in general and for uroradiology specifically. Uroradiologists should remain as central consultants to their clinical counterparts, working collaboratively with urologists in clinical endeavors of mutual relevance. More fellowships in uroradiology should be offered that attempt to incorporate all imaging methods and procedures into the curriculum. These issues are addressed in the context of patient care, service, education, and cost containment. 相似文献
142.
Lesley Biggs Dale Mierau David Hay 《The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association》2002,46(3):173-184
Chiropractic philosophy which has been debated since the founding of chiropractic in 1895 has taken on new vigour over the past ten years. Despite a growing body of literature examining chiropractic philosophy, the chiropractic profession continues to be divided over this issue. To date, there has been little research examining the meaning of chiropractic philosophy to rank-and-file practitioners.The purpose of this paper is to present a philosophy index, based on thirteen items, which measures Canadian chiropractors'' attitudes toward chiropractic philosophy. The internal consistency alpha reliability coefficient was .7700. Trends in practice philosophy were compared between males and females, among eight geopolitical regions, between those who attended the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College and those who attended other colleges, between those who graduated before 1983 and those who graduated after 1983, and income. The data indicate that distinct, identifable groups (empiricists, rationalists and moderates) exist within the profession, and that the profession is divided with respect to chiropractic epistemology, the role of science, chiropractic''s status as an alternative form of healing and the etiology of disease. In addition, the data reveal statistically significant differences in attitudes toward philosophy across the country and college attended. The authors argue that more research needs to be done in order to understand more fully the meaning of chiropractic, its impact on practice and professional identity. 相似文献
143.
Hydroxyl free radical production seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we investigated the dopamine agonists pramipexole and pergolide as well as the nitrone compound S-PBN (N-tert-butyl-alpha-(2-sulfophenyl)nitrone) to reduce hydroxyl radical formation. Microdialysis experiments were carried out in non-anaesthetized Wistar rats. Salicylate was incorporated into the perfusion fluid to measure indirectly hydroxyl radicals indicated by 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA). Local perfusion with 0.2 or 2 nmol/2 microl/min 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) via the microdialysis probe significantly increased 2,3-DHBA levels 14-fold and 47-fold, respectively. Systemic application of either pergolide (0.05 mg/kg) or pramipexole (1 mg/kg) failed to significantly reduce 6-OHDA-induced hydroxyl radical production. In contrast, a 40 min pretreatment with pramipexole (2 and 10 nmol/2 microl/min via the probe) before onset of 6-OHDA perfusion, significantly attenuated 2, 3-DHBA levels compared with vehicle controls. S-PBN pretreatment (2 nmol/2 microl/min) was not effective to reduce 2,3-DHBA levels. In conclusion, pramipexole was able to reduce hydroxyl radical levels induced by 6-OHDA in vivo after local application. This property of pramipexole may be beneficial under conditions of enhanced hydroxyl radical formation in parkinsonian brains and may add to its well known dopamine D(2)-like receptor agonistic effects. 相似文献
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Thompson PM; Moussai J; Zohoori S; Goldkorn A; Khan AA; Mega MS; Small GW; Cummings JL; Toga AW 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1998,8(6):492-509
The onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a complex and
distributed pattern of neuroanatomic change, difficult to distinguish
clinically from dynamic alterations in normal aging. Extreme variations in
the sulcal patterns of the human cortex have made it difficult to identify
diffuse and focal variations in cortical structure in neurodegenerative
disease. We report the first comprehensive 3D statistical analysis of deep
sulcal structure in vivo, in both normal aging and dementia.
High-resolution 3D T1-weighted fast SPGR (spoiled GRASS) MRI volumes were
acquired from 10 patients diagnosed with AD (NINCDS-ARDRA criteria; age:
71.9 +/- 10.7 years) and 10 normal subjects matched for age (72.9 +/- 5.6
years), gender, educational level and handedness. Scans were digitally
transformed into Talairach stereotaxic space. To determine specific
patterns of cortical variation in dementia patients, 3D average and
probabilistic maps of primary deep sulci were developed for both normal and
AD groups. Major sulci (including supracallosal, cingulate, marginal,
parieto-occipital, anterior and posterior calcarine sulci, and Sylvian
fissures) were modeled as complex systems of 3D surfaces using a
multi-resolution parametric mesh approach. Variations and asymmetries in
their extents, curvature, area and surface complexity were evaluated.
Three- dimensional maps of anatomic variability, structural asymmetry and
local atrophy indicated severe regionally selective fiber loss in AD. A
midsagittal area loss of 24.5% at the corpus callosum's posterior midbody
(P < 0.025) matched increases in structural variability in corresponding
temporo-parietal projection areas. Confidence limits on 3D cortical
variation, visualized in 3D, exhibited severe increases in AD from 2 to 4
mm at the callosum to a peak SD of 19.6 mm at the posterior left Sylvian
fissure. Normal Sylvian fissure asymmetries (right higher than left; P <
0.0005), mapped for the first time in three dimensions, were accentuated in
AD (P < 0.0002), and were greater in AD than in controls (P < 0.05).
Severe AD-related increases in 3D variability and asymmetry may reflect
disease-related disruption of the commissural system connecting bilateral
temporal and parietal cortical zones, regions known to be at risk of early
metabolic dysfunction, perfusion deficits and selective neuronal loss in
AD.
相似文献
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149.
We reject the notion that the concept of "chondroid chordoma" be abandoned in favor of an interpretation of the cartilaginous origin of these lesions. We have demonstrated by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical means that these neoplasms can exhibit distinctly epithelial characteristics in their chondroid as well as their epithelial areas. The presence of desmosomes, cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic, and epithelial membrane antigen in the cells of the chondroid as well as the epithelial areas; the presence of the microtubular inclusions, vimentin, and S-100 protein in the cells of the epithelial as well as chondroid areas; and the intermingling of the two and gradual transitions from one to the other all point to the conclusion that the chondroid and epithelial areas are only differing morphologic expressions of the same entity. The gradual evolution witnessed in the sequential biopsies of this case study, through which a predominantly chondromatous neoplasm became a chordoma of typical histologic appearance, provides further strong evidence to support the contention that chondroid chordoma is a variant of chordoma and not a primary chondrocytic neoplasm. 相似文献
150.