全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1208篇 |
免费 | 61篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 105篇 |
妇产科学 | 65篇 |
基础医学 | 129篇 |
口腔科学 | 43篇 |
临床医学 | 98篇 |
内科学 | 326篇 |
皮肤病学 | 36篇 |
神经病学 | 120篇 |
特种医学 | 32篇 |
外科学 | 123篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 37篇 |
眼科学 | 12篇 |
药学 | 63篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 56篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 32篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 32篇 |
2016年 | 28篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 60篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 68篇 |
2007年 | 107篇 |
2006年 | 101篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 105篇 |
2003年 | 71篇 |
2002年 | 65篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1280条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Sule Mine Bakanay Klara Dalva Mutlu Arat Onder Arslan Erol Ayyildiz Meral Beksac Osman Ilhan 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2006,34(2):171-178
One of the important clinical variables determining the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the number of viable CD34+ stem cells transfused to the patient. G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells from 17 healthy donors were collected by continuous flow apheresis. The median (range) proportions of early apoptotic (Annexin V-FITC(pos)/7-AAD(neg)) and viable (Annexin V-FITC(neg)/7-AAD(neg)) CD45(dim)CD34+ stem cells were 1.5 (0.9-3.7)% and 97.7 (82.8-100)% in the peripheral blood before apheresis and 2.6 (0.8-7.9)% and 97.3 (91.9-99)% in the apheresis products, respectively. Despite an increase in the number of apoptotic cells among all cell compartments, this was statistically significant only in CD34+ cells and granulocytes. The majority of the cells still retained their viability. 相似文献
102.
Alper Soylu Sefa Kızıldağ Salih Kavukçu Sultan Cingöz Mehmet Türkmen Belde Kasap Demir Meral Sakızlı 《Rheumatology international》2010,30(5):667-670
Infections may trigger or aggravate glomerulonephritidis and renal vasculitis like Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP). HSP is
seen more frequently in patients with familial Mediterranean fever in which TLR-2 Arg753Gln polymorphism frequency is increased.
Although renal involvement is the most important factor affecting the prognosis in HSP, it is not known which patients will
have renal disease or why some patients have severe renal involvement while some others have mild renal disease. We investigated
the role of TLR-2 and TLR-4 polymorphisms on the incidence and severity of renal involvement in HSP patients. We studied HSP
patients with and without nephritis (n = 15 for each group) and healthy controls (n = 100). TLR-2 Arg753Gln and TLR-4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction–restriction
fragment length polymorphism method. The frequency of TLR-2 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in healthy
controls were 1, 3, and 2%, respectively. The frequencies of these polymorphisms were not different in HSP patients with or
without nephritis compared to healthy controls. TLR-3 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms are not increased
in HSP or HSP nephritis patients. 相似文献
103.
Deniz Inal-Ince Sema Savci Hulya Arikan Melda Saglam Naciye Vardar-Yagli Meral Bosnak-Guclu Deniz Dogru 《The spine journal》2009,9(12):981-986
Background contextNeuromuscular disorders (NMD) are characterized by loss of lung volume and respiratory muscle weakness, but the effects of scoliosis on lung function are unclear.PurposeTo compare pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with NMD with and without scoliosis as well as in healthy controls.Study design/settingProspective comparison of pulmonary function testing and respiratory muscle strength were made at the pediatric pulmonology and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation units of a university hospital.Patient sampleTwenty-two patients with NMD and scoliosis, 17 patients with NMD without scoliosis, and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Outcome measures were compared in patients with NMD with and without scoliosis and healthy subjects using Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Spearman rank correlation, as appropriate.Outcome measures1) Pulmonary function: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%), and maximum expiratory flows at 75%, 50%, and 25% of FVC (MEF75, MEF50, and MEF25, respectively); 2) oxygen saturation: pulse oxymeter reading; and 3) respiratory muscle strength: maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory mouth pressure (MEP).MethodsPulmonary function, oxygen saturation, MIP, and MEP were measured and compared in patients with NMD, patients with and without scoliosis, and in healthy subjects.ResultsThe patients with NMD, both with and without scoliosis, had significantly lower PEF, MIP, MEP, % predicted MIP (%MIP), and % predicted MEP (%MEP) than those of healthy subjects (p<.05). The patients with NMD and scoliosis had significantly lower values than those with NMD without scoliosis and controls (p<.05) for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25–75%.ConclusionBoth inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength were diminished in patients with NMD compared with healthy controls. Significant differences were also noted in pulmonary function in patients with NMD with or without scoliosis. This suggests that NMD may impact respiratory function independently of the effects of scoliosis. Clinicians treating patients with NMD should be aware of the possibility of compromised respiratory function in these patients to address possible complications. 相似文献
104.
Sergi G Coin A Mulone S Castegnaro E Giantin V Manzato E Busetto L Inelmen EM Marin S Enzi G 《The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences》2007,62(3):317-322
BACKGROUND: Our study investigated nutritional status, body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) in elderly patients with advanced-stage pressure sores (PS), in addition to researching any hypermetabolic condition and its relationship with PS size. METHODS: The study involved 52 institutionalized bedridden elderly women (aged 83.7 +/- 6.3 years), divided into two groups: 23 with advanced-stage (stage 3 and 4) PS and 29 without PS. Albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were measured in all patients, and fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry and predicted with the Harris-Benedict formula. PS area and volume were also measured. RESULTS: The elderly women with and without PS were comparable in age, FFM, and FM. Mean albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein values were lower in cases with PS. Unadjusted mean REE was significantly higher in patients with PS (1212.3 +/- 236.7 vs 1085.5 +/- 161.3 kcal/d; p <.05), even after adjusting for FFM or expressed per kilogram of body weight (25.8 +/- 6.7 vs 21.1 +/- 4.0 kcal/d/kg; p <.01). Hypermetabolism, i.e., a measured REE > 110% of the predicted REE, was seen in 74% of patients with PS and 38% of controls. The difference between measured and predicted REE (DeltaREE) correlated with PS volume (r = 0.58; p <.01), but not with area. CONCLUSION: Advanced-stage PS in elderly women are associated with a hypermetabolic state that is influenced by the volume of the PS. 相似文献
105.
Recent discovery of an old disease: malignant pleural mesothelioma in a village in south-east Turkey
Osman E Hasan B Meral U Ercan A Mehmet T Nazan B Ayhan O Erhan E Oner D 《Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)》2007,12(3):448-451
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Environmental asbestos exposure is reportedly common in some districts of Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and effect of environmental asbestos exposure in a village in Gaziantep, Turkey, with reported cases of mesothelioma. METHODS: All villagers > or =14 years old were subject to an interview rediagnosis and a detailed questionnaire. Chest microfilms were performed in all cases, and additional standard CXRs were obtained when necessary. Samples collected from the natural mantle, and whitewash from the houses were analysed for the presence of asbestos. RESULTS: In total, 269 villagers took part in the study. The incidence of histopathologically diagnosed malignant pleural mesothelioma was 0.32% relative to the total village population in the year 2000. The verbal autopsy revealed eight possible cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma, all of whom had died within the past 12 years. Of these eight, there was a first-degree kinship between three, and additionally, these patients had a third-degree relationship with a biopsy proven case. Radiological evaluation showed pleural calcification and/or thickness in 3.3%, and pleural effusion in 0.4% of patients undergoing CXR. All houses in the village were constructed using adobe soil, and the interior whitewash was made from soil containing asbestos. Analysis of soil samples revealed tremolite and/or actinolyte asbestos. CONCLUSION: The current findings suggest that environmental asbestos exposure continue to be a serious health concern in the Gaziantep region of Turkey. 相似文献
106.
Background Typical hypomimia develops in almost all Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We observed the presence of hemihypomimia (HH)
in some of our PD patients.
Objective To discern the presence of hemihypomimia, to compare clinical features of these patients with the patients without HH and
then to evaluate HH prospectively.
Methods Among 353 patients with PD followed-up between September 2003 and December 2004, 204 patients in stage 2 of Hoehn-Yahr were
evaluated and hemihypomimia was observed in 13 PD patients (6.4%). Two groups were compared with respect to the age of onset
of the first PD symptom, duration of PD and the body side affected predominantly. In addition, persistence of HH was prospectively
evaluated in 11 of 13 patients with HH up to two-year-follow up period.
Results Hemihypomimia was interestingly on the right side of the face in all patients. Of these 13 HH patients, all but one had predominantly
right-sided PD symptomatology. In the comparison of HH patients with the remaining group (n = 191), patients with HH had significantly
earlier onset of PD symptoms (mean: 53.9 vs 58.5 years), and shorter PD duration (mean: 4.0 vs 6.2 years) (p < 0.01). Up to
two-year-follow up, hemihypomimia, which was not changed by several triggered emotional facial expressions, clinically persisted.
Conclusion Our observations suggest that hemihypomimia is a rare phenomenon in PD, especially in PD patients having early-onset and shorter
PD duration which may persist for several years in concordance with typical asymmetrical involvement of the limbs. HH developed
in the right side, prominently on the lower part of the face. Understanding the underlying mechanism(s) about how hemihypomimia
appears, and why it dominantly affects the right side of the face deserves further assessment.
Received in revised form: 23 April 2006 相似文献
107.
We investigated the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism and serum levels of vitamin B12, ferritin and estradiol were measured in 41 H. pylori-positive (+) children (23 girls, 18 boys; aged 11.8+/-3 years). Serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone, ss-collagen I carboxy terminal telopeptide, total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific ALP, N-terminal cross-links of human procollagen type I, N-mid-osteocalcin, calcium, phosphate, ferritin, and estradiol did not differ significantly between H. pylori(+) and H. pylori negative (-) children. Vitamin B12 levels were significantly decreased in H. pylori(+) compared to H. pylori(-) children. H. pylori infection was not accompanied by significant changes in markers of bone metabolism in children, although vitamin B12 levels were decreased. Further studies are required to clarify whether H. pylori infection causes time-dependent changes in bone turnover markers during the long course of this inflammatory disease. 相似文献
108.
Rosiglitazone Attenuates Liver Inflammation in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tahan V Eren F Avsar E Yavuz D Yuksel M Emekli E Imeryuz N Celikel C Uzun H Haklar G Tozun N 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2007,52(12):3465-3472
Rosiglitazone is an insulin-sensitizing agent. We aimed to assess the effects of rosiglitazone on a methionine- and choline-deficient
diet (MCDD) model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats. Wistar rats were fed either MCDD or a control diet in the
4-week induction study; they were given saline or 4 mg/kg/day rosiglitazone. After the induction study period, the rats were
divided into four groups and fed MCDD or given a control diet for an additional 8 weeks and received saline or rosiglitazone.
Serum and tissue samples were obtained. Rosiglitazone improved inflammation in NASH and improved ALT, alkaline phosphatase,
and interleukin-6 levels in the induction study and interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the
treatment study. Our preliminary study is the first to show the anti-inflammatory effects of rosiglitazone in NASH. Rosiglitazone’s
effect on cytokines may be a key mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect in NASH. 相似文献
109.
Sener G Aksoy H Sehirli O Yüksel M Aral C Gedik N Cetinel S Yeğen BC 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2007,52(9):2122-2132
After intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally either
with saline or erdosteine (100 mg/kg per day), a sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant, for 3 days. On the 4th day, rats were
decapitated and distal colon was removed for the macroscopic and microscopic damage scoring, for the measurement of malondialdehyde
(MDA), glutathione (GSH) and collagen levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescences (CL)
and DNA fragmentation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and antioxidant
capacity were assayed in blood samples. Colitis caused significant increases in the colonic CL values, macroscopic and microscopic
damage scores, MDA and collagen levels, MPO activity and DNA fragmentation, along with a significant decrease in tissue GSH
level. Similarly, serum cytokines and LDH were elevated in the saline-treated colitis group as compared with the control group.
On the other hand, erdosteine treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, and histopathologic alterations induced by
TNBS, suggesting that erdosteine protects the colonic tissue via its radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. 相似文献
110.
Karadag O Calguneri M Atalar E Yavuz B Akdogan A Kalyoncu U Bilgen SA Ozer N Ertenli AI Ovunc K Kiraz S 《Clinical rheumatology》2007,26(5):695-699
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with severe and premature cardiovascular disease, which cannot be explained
by traditional risk factors alone. This study aims to investigate novel cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac event predictors
in inactive SLE female patients who do not have any major cardiovascular risk factors. Twenty-five inactive (SLE disease activity
index score <4) SLE female patients and 22 healthy control women were studied. SLE patients with a history of diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, or coronary artery disease (CAD) were excluded. Venous blood samples were analyzed
for lipid subfractions and novel cardiovascular risk factors such as lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity
C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation
(FMD) from the brachial artery at baseline and during reactive hyperemia. SLE patients and controls were similar in terms
of age (40±10 years vs 38±10 years, p = NS). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding family history of premature CAD, blood pressure,
body mass index, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, SAA, apoprotein A-1 and B levels. Compared with the controls,
SLE patients had higher levels of hs-CRP [median (range): 1.82 (0.02–0.98) vs 0.68 (0.02–0.35), p=0.04]. FMD was lower in SLE patients than controls (7.1±2.1 vs 11.4±1.2%, p<0.001). Increased levels of hs-CRP and decreased FMD were found in inactive SLE patients. Increased hs-CRP levels may reflect
ongoing low-grade inflammation that could be a cause of impaired FMD in SLE patients. These findings suggest that SLE patients
without traditional major cardiovascular risk factors may have increased risk of cardiovascular disease and future cardiac
events. 相似文献