武汉地区31家医院2014～2016年肠外肠内营养制剂应用分析

摘 要 目的：调查武汉地区肠外肠内营养制剂的利用情况,为肠外肠内营养制剂的合理使用提供参考。方法: 对武汉地区31家入网医院2014～2016年肠外及肠内营养制剂的销售金额、用药频度和限定日费用等进行回顾性分析。结果:肠外肠内营养制剂销售金额逐年增长,肠外营养制剂年增长率分别为4.59%,9.47%,肠内营养制剂销售金额年增长率分别为25%,18%,肠内营养在营养制剂中使用比例逐渐提高。结论:营养制剂使用结构逐渐趋于合理。     

Glioma targeting peptide modified apoferritin nanocage

Therapeutic outcome for the treatment of glioma was often limited due to the non-targeted nature of drugs and the physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). An ideal glioma-targeted delivery system must be sufficiently potent to cross the BBB and BBTB and then target glioma cells with adequate optimized physiochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, it is an enormous challenge to the researchers to engineer the above-mentioned features into a single nanocarrier particle. New frontiers in nanomedicine are advancing the research of new biomaterials. In this study, we demonstrate a strategy for glioma targeting by encapsulating vincristine sulfate (VCR) into a naturally available apoferritin nanocage-based drug delivery system with the modification of GKRK peptide ligand (GKRK-APO). Apoferritin (APO), an endogenous nanosize spherical protein, can specifically bind to brain endothelial cells and glioma cells via interacting with the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). GKRK is a peptide ligand of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) over-expressed on angiogenesis and glioma, presenting excellent glioma-homing property. By combining the dual-targeting delivery effect of GKRK peptide and parent APO, GKRK-APO displayed higher glioma localization than that of parent APO. After loading with VCR, GKRK-APO showed the most favorable antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrated that GKRK-APO is an important potential drug delivery system for glioma-targeted therapy.     

Control release of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant by injectable self-assembling peptide hydrogel ameliorated persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation after acute kidney injury

Persistent mitochondrial injury occurs after acute kidney injury (AKI) and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) (MT) has shown benefits for AKI, but its efficiency is limited by short half-life and side effect in vivo. Self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogel is a robust platform for drug delivery. This study aims to develop an SAP-based carrier to slow release MT for enhancing its long-term therapeutic potency on AKI. The KLD with aspartic acid (KLDD) was designed. The microstructure and in vitro release of MT was assayed. The protective role of MT-loaded SAP (SAP-MT) hydrogel on renal mitochondrial injury, tubular apoptosis, and inflammation was evaluated in mice at five days after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Our results showed that KLDD could self-assemble into cross-linked nanofiber hydrogel and it had lower release rate than free MT and KLD hydrogel. Compared to IRI and free MT mice, SAP-MT mice exerted reduced renal mitochondria-produced ROS (mtROS) and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and architecture. Consequently, SAP-MT mice showed less renal tubular cell apoptosis, kidney injury marker kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) expression, lower level of pro-inflammatory factors expression, and macrophages infiltration than those of IRI and free MT mice. This study suggested that SAP-MT ameliorated IRI due to its extended mitochondrial protection role than free MT and thus improved the long-term outcomes of AKI.     

Tumor associated macrophages and angiogenesis dual-recognizable nanoparticles for enhanced cancer chemotherapy

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and angiogenesis are increasingly considered as the pivotal factors that affect tumor progress. Herein, we developed the paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded nanoparticles (NP/PTX) and decorated it with an innovative peptide YI (YINP/PTX) for simultaneously targeting delivery of drug to TAMs and angiogenesis. We demonstrated that the modification of YI peptide significantly enhanced the internalization of nanoparticles by cells and accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor tissues, but down regulated the distribution of them in normal tissues especially the liver. We also made a confirmation that the YI peptide decorated nanoparticles had an excellent co-localization with TAMs and angiogenesis in vivo. Finally, in the HT-26 colorectal tumor-bearing mice, a pharmacodynamic evaluation was performed and results showed that the YINP/PTX was more effective than other PTX formulations in anti-tumor growth. These results together suggested that the prepared nanoparticles are promising in targeting delivery of chemotherapeutics to tumor microenvironment for enhancing tumor therapy effect.     

Targeted-gene silencing of BRAF to interrupt BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway synergized photothermal therapeutics for melanoma using a novel FA-GNR-siBRAF nanosystem

Melanoma is significantly associated with mutant BRAF gene, a suitable target for siRNA-based anti-melanoma therapy. However, a tumor-specific delivery system is a major hurdle for clinical applications. Here, we developed a novel nano-carrier, FA-GNR-siBRAF for safe topical application, which consists of folic acid (FA) as the tumor-targeting moiety, golden nanorods (GNR) providing photothermal capability to kill tumor cells under laser irradiation, and siRNA specifically silencing BRAF (siBRAF). The in vitro and in vivo results revealed that FA-GNR-siBRAF displayed high transfection rates, and subsequently induced remarkable gene knockdown of BRAF, resulting in suppression of melanoma growth due to the interruption of the MEK/ERK pathway. Combinatorial photothermal effects and BRAF knockdown by FA-GNR-siBRAF effectively killed tumor cells through apoptosis, with enhanced efficiency than individual treatments. Therefore, the FA-GNR-siBRAF simultaneously induced BRAF gene silencing and photothermal effects which achieved synergistic efficacy in the treatment of melanoma, paving a new path for developing clinical treatment methods for melanoma.     

2016年湖南省钉螺分布状况调查

目的 进一步了解湖南省境内钉螺分布规律,为省内“精准血防”的开展提供参考。 方法 按照国家卫生计生委关于开展全国钉螺普查的相关要求,以中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所发布的《全国钉螺调查方案》为实施标准,在2016年春季查螺期间采取系统抽样结合环境抽样的方法,对全省现有钉螺环境、历史有螺环境以及可疑环境进行钉螺分布情况调查。建立各环境标准查螺数据库,统计分析现有钉螺面积、流行区类型、环境类型、植被等分布情况。 结果 2016年全省完成钉螺普查392.07万框,调查面积32.49亿m²,查获活螺31.95万只,活螺密度0.081只/框。共查出钉螺环境1 707处,钉螺面积16.63亿m²,其中垸内钉螺912处,面积1 725.48万m²。全省41个疫区县有31个县发现现有钉螺孳生环境,分布在170个乡镇的743个行政村。全省现存钉螺疫区流行类型以湖沼型为主,占总有螺面积97.5%;环境类型以垸外滩地为主,占54.5%;植被环境以杂草为主,占70.5%。全面完成了湖南省41个疫区县级单位钉螺分布调查、螺情资料汇编、有螺环境地理信息采集和地理信息系统(Google Earth平台)地图绘制。 结论 通过此次钉螺普查,全面掌握湖南省钉螺的分布状况,为全省血吸虫病监测与防治提供依据。     

Comparison of human alveolar osteoblasts cultured on polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds and tissue culture plates

The effects of medical grade polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (mPCL-TCP) (80:20) scaffolds on primary human alveolar osteoblasts (AOs) were compared with standard tissue-culture plates. Of the seeded AOs, 70% adhered to and proliferated on the scaffold surface and within open and interconnected pores; they formed multi-layered sheets and collagen fibers with uniform distribution within 28 days. Elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in scaffold-cell constructs independent of osteogenic induction. AO proliferation rate increased and significant decrease in calcium concentration of the medium for both scaffolds and plates under induction conditions were seen. mPCL-TCP scaffolds significantly influenced the AO expression pattern of osterix and osteocalcin (OCN). Osteogenic induction down-regulated OCN at both RNA and protein level on scaffolds (3D) by day 7, and up-regulated OCN in cell-culture plates (2D) by day 14, but OCN levels on scaffolds were higher than on cell-culture plates. Immunocytochemical signals for type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin were detected at the outer parts of scaffold-cell constructs. More mineral nodules were found in induced than in non-induced constructs. Only induced 2D cultures showed nodule formation. mPCL-TCP scaffolds appear to stimulate osteogenesis in vitro by activating a cellular response in AO's to form mineralized tissue. There is a fundamental difference between culturing AOs on 2D and 3D environments that should be considered when studying osteogenesis in vitro.     

Effect of a ferrule and increased clinical crown length on the in vitro fracture resistance of premolars restored using two dowel-and-core systems

This study investigated the effect of a crown-lengthening ferrule on the fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth restored with two dowel-core systems. Thirty-two extracted mandibular first premolars were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis at a point 1.0 mm occlusal to the buccal cementoenamel junction. Following endodontic treatment, the teeth were randomly assigned to four groups: cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with no ferrule (Group A1), cast Ni-Cr alloy dowel-core with 2.0 mm ferrule (Group A2), prefabricated carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with no ferrule (Group B1) and carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core with 2.0 mm ferrule (Group B2). Each specimen was embedded in a self-cured acrylic resin block from 2.0 mm apical to the margins of a cast Ni-Cr alloy crown, then loaded at 150 degrees from the long axis in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/minute until fracture. The data were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's exact tests, with alpha = 0.05. Mean failure loads (kN) for the A1, A2, B1 and B2 Groups were: 1.46 (S.D. 0.45), 1.07 (0.21), 1.13 (0.30) and 1.02 (0.27). The teeth restored with cast Ni-Cr dowel-cores and 2.0 mm ferrules demonstrated significantly lower fracture strengths, p = 0.04. There were significant differences in the root fracture patterns between the two dowel systems, with the carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core system, being the less severe p < 0.05. Crown lengthening with a 2.0 mm apical extended ferrule resulted in reduced fracture strengths for endodontically-treated teeth restored using two dowel-core systems and cast metal crowns. The carbon fiber-reinforced dowel-resin core system reduced the severity of the root fractures.