浅谈《数字信号处理》课程个性化教学模式

从了解前期课程情况、建立师生交流渠道和在作业批改及实验过程中深层次了解3个方面介绍了师生之间的交流互动,从在课堂上重点讲解共性难点、合理布置作业与批改作业、课间个别辅导、在线响应学生提问、让学生独立完成编程实验、晚自习答疑6个方面阐述了个性化的教学方法,指出了个性化教学模式在保证主要知识讲授的同时必须要兼顾学生个体之间的差异.开展个性化教学,明显改善了教学效果,是一种很好的教学方法.     

Exploration of nucleos(t)ide analogs cessation in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatitis B e antigen loss

BACKGROUNDNucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) cessation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remains a matter of debate in clinical practice. Current guidelines recommend that patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion discontinue NAs after relatively long-term consolidation therapy. However, many patients fail to achieve HBeAg seroconversion after the long-term loss of HBeAg, even if hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss occurs. It remains unclear whether NAs can be discontinued in this subset of patients.AIMTo investigate the outcomes and factors associated with HBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss (without hepatitis B e antibody) after cessation of NAs.METHODSWe studied patients who discontinued NAs after achieving HBeAg loss. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors for virological relapse after cessation of NAs. The cut-off value of the consolidation period was confirmed using receiver operating characteristic curves; we confirmed the cut-off value of HBsAg according to a previous study. The log-rank test was used to compare cumulative relapse rates among groups. We also studied patients with CHB who achieved HBeAg seroconversion and compared their cumulative relapse rates. Propensity score matching analysis (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between the groups.RESULTSWe included 83 patients with HBeAg loss. The mean age of these patients was 32.1 ± 9.5 years, and the majority was male (67.5%). Thirty-eight patients relapsed, and the cumulative relapse rate at months 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 120, and 180 were 22.9%, 36.1%, 41.0%, 43.5%, 45.0%, 45.0%, 45.0%, and 52.8%, respectively. Twenty-six (68.4%) patients relapsed in the first 3 mo after NAs cessation, and 35 patients (92.1%) relapsed in the first year after NAs cessation. Consolidation period (≥ 24 mo vs < 24 mo) (HR 0.506, P = 0.043) and HBsAg at cessation (≥ 100 IU/mL vs < 100 IU/mL) (HR 14.869, P = 0.008) were significant predictors in multivariate Cox regression. In the PSM cohort, which included 144 patients, there were lower cumulative relapse rates in patients with HBeAg seroconversion (P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONHBeAg-positive CHB patients with HBeAg loss may be able to discontinue NAs therapy after long-term consolidation, especially in patients with HBsAg at cessation < 100 IU/mL. Careful monitoring, especially in the early stages after cessation, may ensure a favorable outcome.     

The efficacy and safety of Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation on cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon subtype of stroke with highly variable clinical presentation. Although anticoagulation with heparin and/or warfarin remains the standard treatment for CVST, treatment failure is still common. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Batroxobin in combination with anticoagulation on CVST control. In this retrospective study, a total of 61 CVST patients were enrolled and divided into Batroxobin (n?=?23) and control (n?=?38) groups. In addition to the same standard anticoagulation in control, patients in the treatment group received Batroxobin 5 BU intravenous infusion (10 BU for the first time) every other day, for a total of three infusions. A higher recanalization rate was found in Batroxobin group (adjusted OR [95% CI] of 2.5 [1.1–5.0], p?=?0.028) compared to the control group, especially in patients with high levels of fibrinogen (adjusted OR [95% CI] of 4.7 [1.4–16.7], p?=?0.015). Statistically significant differences between the two groups were seen regarding the levels of thrombin time, fibrinogen and d-dimer at each cut-off time point (all p?<?0.01). Compared with baseline, NIHSS scores at discharge showed significant improvement in the Batroxobin group [0(0, 4.25)–5(2, 11), p?=?0.036]. No significant difference in mRS scores was found between the two groups at discharge or at 6-month outpatient follow-up (all p?>?0.05). Additionally, Batroxobin did not increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. We conclude that Batroxobin is a potentially safe and effective adjunct therapeutic agent promoting CVST recanalization especially in patients with high level of fibrinogen.     

Upregulation of alveolar epithelial active Na+ transport is dependent on beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling

Alveolar epithelial beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) activation accelerates active Na+ transport in lung epithelial cells in vitro and speeds alveolar edema resolution in human lung tissue and normal and injured animal lungs. Whether these receptors are essential for alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) or if other mechanisms are sufficient to regulate active transport is unknown. In this study, we report that mice with no beta1- or beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta1AR-/-/beta2AR-/-) have reduced distal lung Na,K-ATPase function and diminished basal and amiloride-sensitive AFC. Total lung water content in these animals was not different from wild-type controls, suggesting that betaAR signaling may not be required for alveolar fluid homeostasis in uninjured lungs. Comparison of isoproterenol-sensitive AFC in mice with beta1- but not beta2-adrenergic receptors to beta1AR-/-/beta2AR-/- mice indicates that the beta2AR mediates the bulk of beta-adrenergic-sensitive alveolar active Na+ transport. To test the necessity of betaAR signaling in acute lung injury, beta1AR-/-/beta2AR-/-, beta1AR+/+/beta2AR-/-, and beta1AR+/+/beta2AR+/+ mice were exposed to 100% oxygen for up to 204 hours. beta1AR-/-/beta2AR-/- and beta1AR+/+/beta2AR-/- mice had more lung water and worse survival from this form of acute lung injury than wild-type controls. Adenoviral-mediated rescue of beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) function into the alveolar epithelium of beta1AR-/-/beta2AR-/- and beta1AR+/+/beta2AR-/- mice normalized distal lung beta2AR function, alveolar epithelial active Na+ transport, and survival from hyperoxia. These findings indicate that betaAR signaling may not be necessary for basal AFC, and that beta2AR is essential for the adaptive physiological response needed to clear excess fluid from the alveolar airspace of normal and injured lungs.     

老年男性272名勃起功能障碍患病情况调查

目的 了解老年男性勃起功能障碍患病情况，为临床诊治勃起功能障碍提供依据。方法 采用国际勃起功能指数评分的简化版中(IIEF-5)问卷调查性生活史，并回顾相关既往史、用药史和生活方式。结果 272名老年男性勃起功能障碍总患病率是89．7％，其中60～岁组是75．9％、70～岁组是78．6％、80～88岁组是100．0％；此次调查的老年男性中95．1％的高血压病患者伴发勃起功能障碍。结论 老年男性勃起功能障碍的患病率与年龄增长和高血压有关。     

伴有肛周疾病的炎症性肠病患者肛门功能及生活质量分析

目的分析肛周疾病对炎症性肠病（IBD）患者肛门直肠功能和生活质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月淮安市第二人民医院收治的伴有肛门不适的53例IBD患者（IBD组）。其中CD43例，UC10例。包括肛瘘35例，大便失禁15例，肛门纤维化8例。选择同期来淮安市第二人民医院体检的健康人20名作为健康对照组。通过肛门直肠测压对IBD患者和健康对照组受试者肛门功能进行评估并进行比较。采用炎症性肠病患者生活质量量表（IBDQ）评分对IBD患者生活质量进行评估。 结果IBD患者与健康对照组最大肛门静息压、最大挤压压、直肠容量感觉阈值、最大耐受容量、肛管抑制反射阳性水平差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。大便失禁的IBD患者最大肛门静息压、IBDQ评分均低于非大便失禁的IBD患者，且差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。CD与UC患者IBDQ评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；大便失禁IBD患者IBDQ评分低于非大便失禁IBD患者，且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论合并肛周疾病的IBD患者肛门直肠功能受损，大便失禁的患者生活质量差。     

实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者疗效比较*

目的 研究实时超声造影和融合影像导航技术下微波消融与手术治疗小肝癌患者的疗效。方法 2013年12月～2016年12月我院收治的142例原发性肝癌患者被随机分为两组,每组71例。对观察组患者实施实时超声造影和融合影像导航下微波消融治疗,给予对照组实施外科手术切除治疗。采用酶速率法测定血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)水平,采用ELISA法测定血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,采用免疫放射法测定血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平。结果 在术后3个月,观察组肿瘤完全消融率为93.8%,对照组完全切除率达100.0%(P>0.05);两组血清AFP、AFU和CA19-9水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后,观察组肺部感染、胆漏、皮肤切口感染、腹腔或胸腔积液等并发症发生率为4.2%,显著低于对照组的25.3%(P＜0.05);随访3～36个月(中位随访18个月),观察组累积生存率为73.2%(52/71),对照组为71.8%(51/71),两组差异无统计学意义(Log-rank值=0.086,P=0.763)。结论 在实时超声造影联合融合影像导航技术支持下行微波消融治疗小肝癌患者,疗效与手术切除相当,但并发症更少,值得临床积极开展和验证。