Neuroprotection of nicotiflorin in permanent focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures

Nicotiflorin is a single component extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Flos Carthami. In this study, we investigated its neuroprotection in permanent focal cerebral ischemia model in rats, and in an in vitro model of ischemia. At doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, nicotiflorin administered immediately after the onset of ischemia markedly reduced brain infarct volume and neurological deficits. For primarily cultured neurons suffered 2 h hypoxia followed by 24 h reoxygenation, nicotiflorin significantly attenuated cell death and reduced LDH release. Morphological observation also directly confirmed its protective effect on neuron. These results provided strong pharmacological basis for its potential therapeutic role in cerebral ischemic illness.     

Predominant usage of the proximal poly(A) site in alpha mRNAs is not intrinsic to the 3' termini

The maturation of IgM-expressing B cells to IgM-secreting plasma cells is associated with both an increase in mu mRNA and the ratio of secreted to membrane forms of mu mRNA. In contrast, previous studies demonstrated that in vitro the secreted form of alpha mRNA (alpha s mRNA) predominates regardless of the stage of B cell differentiation. The present study demonstrates that alpha s mRNA predominates in both B cells derived from the germinal centers of murine Peyer's patches and in the functional IgA memory population, suggesting that in vitro events accurately represent the generation of a secretory IgA response in vivo. Although the predominant usage of the alpha s poly(A) site is due to RNA processing, it does not depend on either the alpha s poly(A) site, the 3' splice site associated with the exon encoding the membrane exon of IgA (alphaM) or the alphaM poly(A) sites. Analysis of the sequence of the intron between the alpha s terminus and alphaM (alpha s- alphaM intron) demonstrates the existence of several potential regulatory elements. Furthermore, the effects of deletions within the alpha s-alphaM intron on 3' terminus usage demonstrate that the predominant usage of the proximal terminus is not strictly dependent on the length of the intron. Together with previous work, these observations support the idea that choice of 3' terminus for all Ig heavy chain genes is regulated by a similar mechanism, but specific sequences within a heavy chain gene can impinge upon that mechanism.      

Interleukin-27 enhances the production of tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ by bone marrow T lymphocytes in aplastic anaemia

Aplastic anaemia (AA) is considered as an immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. The mechanism is involved with a variety of immune molecules including interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs). IL-27 is a novel member of the IL-12 family, which mediates T cell response and enhances the production of IFN-γ. However, little is known about the role of IL-27 in the development of AA. This study investigated the role of IL-27 and its receptor IL-27R in the pathogenesis of AA. Both the mRNA expression of IL-27/IL-27R subunits in the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and the levels of IL-27 in the marrow plasma in AA were found to be higher than in controls. Increased IL-27 correlated with the disease severity of AA. Subsequently, we stimulated marrow T lymphocytes with recombinant human (rh)IL-27 and found that rhIL-27 enhanced the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from AA patients. We also detected increased TNF-α and IFN-γ in the supernatants of BMMNCs from AA patients after IL-27 stimulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that elevated IL-27 and IL-27-induced TNF-α and IFN-γ overproduction might be involved in the pathogenesis of AA.     

大脑功能组织可视化及fMRI术中导航在脑肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的 探讨术前功能组织三维可视化及功能信息引导下无框架立体定向导航技术于脑肿瘤切除术中的应用价值。材料与方法 将我院收治的拟行立体导航的中央沟附近脑肿瘤患者随机分配到功能导航组及普通导航组,各30例。功能组所有患者均行术前功能组织定位,并将信息导入神经外科导航仪行术中功能区导航。普通导航组患者术中未加入功能信息。比较两组患者手术疗效、肿瘤切除率、运动功能改善情况以及术后肿瘤患者生存质量。结果 功能导航组均于术前完成功能组织可视化,且于术中成功标定肿瘤、中央沟及运动区。术中功能信息在开颅前（辅助设计皮瓣;确定骨窗位置及大小,减少骨瓣大小;确定肿瘤和运动区投影的边界及相互关系;确定肿瘤手术切除的方向和深度）及开颅后（打开硬膜前、后实时导航功能区与病变的位置;确定病变及运动区相对位置的术中超声定位,修正由于脑脊液流出、肿瘤塌陷所致的功能区及病变的移位）均起到明显效果。随访结果显示：在手术疗效（u =2.646, P=0.008）、肿瘤切除率（?2 ＝7.200, P<0.01）、患者术后运动功能改善情况（u =2.231, P=0.026）及术后生存质量（KPS评分 uc=2.664, P=0.008; Zubrod-ECOG-WHO评分 uc =2.135, P=0.033）等方面,功能组均优于普通组。结论 应用术前功能组织可视化辅助手术计划,实施术中功能信息引导下的神经导航技术,结合术中超声的准确定位,能够正确判断脑功能区与病变的关系,使手术方案个体化,实现在尽可能保护功能区的情况下最大限度切除肿瘤的目的,提高术后患者的生存质量。     

呼吸道病原体核酸恒温扩增芯片十三联检在下呼吸道感染诊断中的价值

目的探讨呼吸道病原体核酸环介导恒温扩增芯片法 (LAMP) 十三联检在下呼吸道感染常见病原体基因诊断中的价值。 方法通过支气管镜下吸痰收集疑似下呼吸道感染患者的深部痰液样本266例,采用LAMP技术、分离病原体并培养检测病原体,比较病原体检出率,分析呼吸道病原体LAMP十三联检在下呼吸道感染中的价值。 结果①266例痰液标本采用LAMP技术,检出呼吸道病原体阳性标本155例,总阳性率为58.27%,其中单种病原体感染90例(33.83%),混合感染66例(24.81%);共检出11种呼吸道病原体,其中检出阳性率前三位的病原体为鲍曼不动杆菌(21.05%)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(20.30%)、铜绿假单胞菌(12.03%);②257例标本同时采用病原体分离与培养技术,共92例标本培养阳性,阳性率35.80%,其中鲍曼不动杆菌44例(47.83%),铜绿假单胞菌23例(25.00%),肺炎克雷伯菌8例(8.70%),肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌未培养出。 结论呼吸道病原体LAMP十三联检具有高效、快速、灵敏度高、覆盖面广的优点,能为临床诊断和精准治疗提供快速可靠的实验室诊断依据。     

A promising immunosuppressive strategy of cyclosporine alternately combined with levamisole is highly effective for moderate aplastic anemia

The appropriate management of patients with moderate aplastic anemia (mAA) remains to be unclear and controversial. A cohort of 118 patients with mAA received a novel immunosuppressive strategy of cyclosporine alternately combined with levamisole (CSA and LMS regimen), which included 42 newly diagnosed and 76 chronic (disease duration >6 months) cases. CSA and LMS regimen was orally administrated with the initial dose of CSA 3 mg/kg per day in adults or 5 mg/kg per day in children, and LMS 150 mg per day in adults or 2.5 mg/kg per day in children, continued for 12 more months after achieving maximal hematologic response, followed by a slow tapering. The overall response rates were of 100 and 86.8 % for newly diagnosed and chronic group, respectively. The 24-month progression-free survival were 95.2 % (95 % confidence intervals [CI], 85.9–100 %) and 93.6 % (95 % CI, 86.9–100 %) for newly diagnosed and chronic group, respectively (P?=?0.50). The 2-year event-free survival for the patients in newly diagnosed group (86.6 %; 95 % CI, 70.4–100 %) was superior to that in chronic group (57.0 %; 95 % CI, 43.5—70.4 %, P?=?0.001). To date, 11 patients relapsed and no patients evolved to clonal disorders. Thus, CSA and LMS regimen represents a promising immunosuppressive strategy for mAA.     

γδT细胞在铜绿假单胞菌肺炎患者外周血和痰液中的分布变化的探讨

目的：了解铜绿假单胞菌肺炎患者痰、外周血中γδT细胞的变化,探索γδT细胞在铜绿假单胞菌肺炎中的作用。方法：铜绿假单胞菌肺炎患者8例（A组）,正常对照者8例（B组）,采集受试者的外周血和下呼吸道痰液,运用手工计数方法计数各种细胞数量并计算各种细胞占总细胞中的比例。运用流式细胞技术检测淋巴细胞占总细胞中的百分比及γδT细胞占淋巴细胞中的百分比。结果：A组外周血和痰液中γδT细胞数量占淋巴细胞的百分比均明显高于B组（P〈0.01）;A组外周血γδT细胞占淋巴细胞中的百分比低于痰液中γδT细胞占淋巴细胞中的百分比（P〈0.01）,而B组外周血和痰液中γδT细胞占淋巴细胞中的百分比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：γδT细胞可能通过重新分布在铜绿假单胞菌肺炎发病过程中发挥作用。