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排序方式: 共有517条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Hill AM Hoffmann T McPhail S Beer C Hill KD Brauer SG Haines TP 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2011,92(9):1395-1403
Hill A-M, Hoffmann T, McPhail S, Beer C, Hill KD, Brauer SG, Haines TP. Factors associated with older patients' engagement in exercise after hospital discharge.
Objectives
To identify factors that are associated with older patients' engagement in exercise in the 6 months after hospital discharge.Design
A prospective observational study using qualitative and quantitative evaluation.Setting
Follow-up of hospital patients in their home setting after discharge from a metropolitan general hospital.Participants
Participants (N=343) were older patients (mean age ± SD, 79.4±8.5y) discharged from medical, surgical, and rehabilitation wards and followed up for 6 months after discharge.Interventions
Not applicable.Main Outcome Measures
Self-perceived awareness and risk of falls measured at discharge with a survey that addressed elements of the Health Belief Model. Engagement and self-reported barriers to engagement in exercise measured at 6 months after discharge using a telephone survey.Results
Six months after discharge, 305 participants remained in the study, of whom 109 (35.7%) were engaging in a structured exercise program. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated participants were more likely to be engaging in exercise if they perceived they were at risk of serious injury from a fall (odds ratio [OR] =.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], .48–.78; P<.001), if exercise was recommended by the hospital physiotherapist (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.03–3.59; P=.04), and if they lived with a partner (OR=1.97; 95% CI, 1.18–3.28; P=.009). Barriers to exercise identified by 168 participants (55%) included low self-efficacy, low motivation, medical problems such as pain, and impediments to program delivery.Conclusions
Older patients have low levels of engagement in exercise after hospital discharge. Researchers should design exercise programs that address identified barriers and facilitators, and provide education to enhance motivation and self-efficacy to exercise in this population. 相似文献93.
Combination antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality with HIV infection. However, HIV-associated
neurocognitive disorders persist at a relatively high prevalence rate despite successful systemic treatment. This paper reviews
the current issues related to the neurocognitive impact of antiretroviral treatment. 相似文献
94.
Walker-Samuel S Boult JK McPhail LD Box G Eccles SA Robinson SP 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2012,130(6):1284-1293
Susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), utilising ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles, was evaluated for the quantitation of vessel size index (Rv, μm), a weighted average measure of tumour blood vessel calibre, and fractional tumour blood volume (fBV, %), in orthotopically propagated murine PC3 prostate tumour xenografts. Tumour vascular architecture was assessed in vivo by MRI prior to and 24 hr after treatment with 200 mg/kg of the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126. A Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) was used to reduce the uncertainty associated with quantitation of Rv and fBV. Quantitative histological analyses of the uptake of Hoechst 33342 for perfused vasculature, and haematoxylin and eosin staining for necrosis, were also performed to qualify the MRI data. A relatively large median Rv of 40.3 μm (90% confidence interval (CI90) = 37.4, 44.0 μm) and a high fBV of 5.4% (CI90 = 5.3, 5.5%) were determined in control tumours, which agreed with histologically determined vessel size index. Treatment with ZD6126 significantly (p < 0.01) reduced tumour Rv (34.2 μm, CI90 = 31.2, 38.0 μm) and fBV (3.9%, CI90 = 3.8, 4.1%), which were validated against histologically determined significant reductions in perfusion and vessel size, and increased necrosis. Together these data (i) highlight the use of a BHM to optimise the inferential power available from susceptibility contrast MRI data, (ii) provide strong evaluation and qualification of R(v) and fBV as non-invasive imaging biomarkers of tumour vascular morphology, (iii) reveal the presence of a different vascular phenotype and (iv) demonstrate that ZD6126 exhibits good anti-vascular activity against orthotopic prostate tumours. 相似文献
95.
96.
W Dörr S Schlichting MA Bray IR Flockhart JW Hopewell 《International journal of radiation biology》2013,89(3):243-250
Purpose: To define the effect of dexpanthenol with or without Aloe vera extract on radiation-induced oral mucositis.Materials and methods: Mouse tongue mucosal ulceration was analysed as the clinically relevant endpoint. Graded single or fractionated dose irradiation (10 x 3?Gy/2 weeks, graded test doses on day 14) were combined with topical administration of dexpanthenol or a base, with or without Aloe vera extract. The formulations were applied for 14 days (single dose) or 24 days after the first fraction.Results: Single dose irradiation resulted in an ED50 (dose at which a positive mucosal response was expected in 50% of the animals irradiated) of 11.9?±?1.2?Gy. None of the formulations yielded a significant change in incidence or time course of ulceration. Test irradiation after 10 x 3?Gy gave an ED50 of 9.0?±?0.1?Gy. Base treatment increased the ED50-values to 10.5?±?0.8?Gy (p?=?0.0095) and 9.9?±?0.7?Gy (p?=?0.0445) without or with Aloe vera. Dexpanthenol resulted in ED50 values of 9.5?±?0.1?Gy without Aloe vera (p?>?0.05), and of 10.9?±?0.9?Gy (p?=?0.0035) with Aloe vera. The latent time to ulceration was prolonged, compared to the control (6.3 days) without Aloe vera (8.0?–?8.2 days, p?<?0.001) and with dexpanthenol and Aloe vera (7.3 days, p?=?0.0239).Conclusions: With single dose irradiation, neither dexpanthenol nor Aloe vera extract significantly changed the oral mucosal radiation response. With fractionated irradiation, drug administration significantly increased the isoeffective radiation doses, independent of dexpanthenol or Aloe vera content. Neither dexpanthenol nor Aloe vera display a prophylactic potential. 相似文献
97.
S McPhail L Elliss-Brookes J Shelton A Ives M Greenslade S Vernon E J A Morris M Richards 《British journal of cancer》2013,109(8):2027-2034
Background:
The short-term survival following a cancer diagnosis in England is lower than that in comparable countries, with the difference in excess mortality primarily occurring in the months immediately after diagnosis. We assess the impact of emergency presentation (EP) on the excess mortality in England over the course of the year following diagnosis.Methods:
All colorectal and cervical cancers presenting in England and all breast, lung, and prostate cancers in the East of England in 2006–2008 are included. The variation in the likelihood of EP with age, stage, sex, co-morbidity, and income deprivation is modelled. The excess mortality over 0–1, 1–3, 3–6, and 6–12 months after diagnosis and its dependence on these case-mix factors and presentation route is then examined.Results:
More advanced stage and older age are predictive of EP, as to a lesser extent are co-morbidity, higher income deprivation, and female sex. In the first month after diagnosis, we observe case-mix-adjusted excess mortality rate ratios of 7.5 (cervical), 5.9 (colorectal), 11.7 (breast ), 4.0 (lung), and 20.8 (prostate) for EP compared with non-EP.Conclusion:
Individuals who present as an emergency experience high short-term mortality in all cancer types examined compared with non-EPs. This is partly a case-mix effect but EP remains predictive of short-term mortality even when age, stage, and co-morbidity are accounted for. 相似文献98.
Yelena P. Wu Jessica McPhail Ryan Mooney Alexandra Martiniuk Michael D. Amylon 《Journal of psychosocial oncology》2013,31(6):449-459
ABSTRACTSummer camps for pediatric cancer patients and their families are ubiquitous. However, there is relatively little research, particularly studies including more than one camp, documenting outcomes associated with children's participation in summer camp. The current cross-sectional study used a standardized measure to examine the role of demographic, illness, and camp factors in predicting children's oncology camp-related outcomes. In total, 2,114 children at 19 camps participated. Campers were asked to complete the pediatric camp outcome measure, which assesses camp-specific self-esteem, emotional, physical, and social functioning. Campers reported high levels of emotional, physical, social, and self-esteem functioning. There were differences in functioning based on demographic and illness characteristics, including gender, whether campers/siblings were on or off active cancer treatment, age, and number of prior years attending camp. Results indicated that summer camps can be beneficial for pediatric oncology patients and their siblings, regardless of demographic factors (e.g., gender, treatment status) and camp factors (e.g., whether camp sessions included patients only, siblings only, or both). Future work could advance the oncology summer camp literature by examining other outcomes linked to summer camp attendance, using longitudinal designs, and including comparison groups. 相似文献
99.
100.
Alexis R. Gaines Elizabeth L. Turner Patricia G. Moorman Stephen J. Freedland Christopher J. Keto Megan E. McPhail Delores J. Grant Adriana C. Vidal Cathrine Hoyo 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2014,25(8):1029-1035