Prognostic impact of cytogenetic and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization-defined chromosome 13 deletion in multiple myeloma: early results of total therapy II

Cytogenetic abnormalities of chromosome 13 (CA 13) and those detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH 13) have both been associated with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The prognostic implications of CA, FISH 13 and other standard laboratory parameters were examined in the first 231 patients enrolled in Total Therapy II, an intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy programme with tandem autotransplants. Three-year projections of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 71% and 77% respectively. CA 13 was detected in 14% and significantly correlated with FISH 13 (present in 51%), tumour burden, proliferative activity and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). Both EFS and OS were significantly shorter in patients with CA 13, FISH 13, LDH >or= 190 U/l, beta2 microglobulin >or= 4 mg/l and C reactive protein >or= 4.0 mg/l; other CA was an additional risk factor for OS. Two-thirds of CA 13 patients were identified by FISH 13 and plasma-cell-labelling index (PCLI) >or= 0.4%; however, PCLI failed to identify additional risk groups in FISH subsets. Although present in considerably fewer patients, CA 13 imparted more rapid relapse (61% at 3 years) and death (43% at 3 years) than FISH 13 (38% and 35%; P = 0.02 and 0.1 respectively) and should be part of the initial work-up of patients with MM.     

Diagnostic accuracy of oropharyngeal cultures in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.

The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of oropharyngeal (OP) cultures relative to simultaneous bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures in very young children with CF, and to examine the effects of bacterial density, age, and study cohort on diagnostic accuracy. Respiratory culture data were analyzed from three independent, prospective studies involving simultaneous collection of 286 OP and BAL cultures from 141 children with CF <5 years of age. For predicting any growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) from the lower airway in subjects /=10(3) or >/=10(5) cfu/mL. Specificity for Pa declined significantly with increasing age. In children with CF <5 years of age, the specificity and negative predictive value of OP cultures for Pa are high, while the sensitivity and positive predictive value are poor. Thus, in this age range, a negative throat culture is helpful in "ruling out" lower airway infection with Pa. However, a positive culture does not reliably "rule in" the presence of Pa in the lower respiratory tract. These findings may have implications for study design and interpretation as well as clinical management of young children with CF.     

Cell-mediated immunity in human acute leukemia.

The general cell-mediated immunological reactivity of patients with acute leukemia has been found to be intact, although it may be depressed by extensive disease or by chemotherapy. Patients with acute leukemia also have cellular immune reactivity against tumor associated antigens, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity, lymphocyte stimulation, and 51Cr release cytotoxicity. Skin reactions to autologous and allogeneic crude membrane extracts of blast cells correlated with disease state, positive in many patients in remission and negative in most patients in relapse. Extracts of human lymphoid tissue culture cell lines derived from lymphomas or leukemia also gave positive reactions in patients with acute leukemia, and also in patients with lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The antigens detected in the skin tests with the lymphoid cell lines appear to be different from those associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and from those detected in the 51Cr release assay. Evidence is presented which suggests a complex variety of antigens on blast cells and on the cell lines. Although leukemia associated antigens were also detected by lymphocyte stimulation and by cytotoxicity assays, the results did not correlate with the skin tests nor with each other. The possible use of these assays for monitoring the chemotherapy and immunotherapy of acute leukemia patients is discussed.     

老年前列腺癌患者去势后性激素水平变化及对凝血和纤溶系统的影响

目的探讨老年前列腺癌患者去势后性激素水平变化及对血液凝血和纤溶系统活性的影响。方法27例早期前列腺癌经手术去势的患者作为研究组,39例非前列腺癌老年患者作为正常对照组。分别测定黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、雌激素(E2)、部分凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、凝血酶原活动度(PA)、纤溶酶原(PLG)活性、α2-抗纤溶酶(α2-PI)活性、抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)活性、D-二聚体(DD)含量、血小板聚集率和黏附率、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)及组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(PAI-1)抗原浓度。结果研究组中患者TT、FT、E2水平显著降低,E2降低幅度小于TT,LH、FSH、FT/TT、E2/TT显著升高;PT、APTT显著缩短,Fib及DD含量显著增加,血小板聚集率、黏附率及ADP活性均显著升高,PLG、α2-PI活性显著增强,t-PA抗原含量及t-PA/PAI-1显著下降,PAI-1含量显著增加。AT-Ⅲ活性无显著变化。结论前列腺癌患者去势后性激素比例严重失调;血小板活性及血液凝血活性显著增强,纤溶活性显著抑制,提示去势患者存在发生动脉硬化的高度危险性。     

重庆市居民蛔虫感染流行病学调查分析

目的了解重庆市人群蛔虫感染情况和影响蛔虫感染的相关因素分析,为制订防治措施提供依据。方法以全国第一次寄生虫病分布调查点为主层,在全市范围内抽取7个区县,每区县3个点,每个点检查500人,每人采集一份大便标本,采用KatoKatz厚涂片法计数检查蛔虫卵。结果共调查7个县21个点,检查10575人,蛔虫感染率在1.13%～50.33%之间,平均为20.91%;与第一次分布调查比较感染率下降幅度在41.75%～97.34%之间,平均下降了69.29%;性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.53,P>0.05);年龄以30岁以下3个组感染率最高,显著高于其他年龄组(P<0.01),但此3组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大于60岁组显著低于其他年龄组(P<0.01);文化程度以学龄前儿童与初中、小学学历感染率最高。蛔虫感染因素分析,有6个变量的回归系数差异存在统计学意义,危险因素强度排序依次为生吃蔬菜(X10)、喝生水(X11)、未服驱虫药(X13)、低年龄组(X14)、不良厕所类型(X6)、饭前不洗手(X8)。结论蛔虫感染率较20世纪90年代大幅度下降,感染度亦相应减轻,蛔虫感染的主要方式是经口吞入感染期虫卵。生吃蔬菜、人畜粪便未经无害化处理和饭前不洗手是最危险因素。     

不同浓度七氟醚对急性心肌缺血再灌注老龄大鼠血清、心脏5-HT、白细胞介素和海马组织SOD、MDA的影响

目的 探究七氟醚对急性心肌缺血再灌注（AIRI）模型的老龄大鼠血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、白介素（IL）-1α、IL-1β和海马组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的影响。方法 选取SPF级健康雄性老龄大鼠40只,随机分为5组,建立AIRI模型,模型组给予氧气吸入,七氟醚组分别吸入1%、2%、3%及4%的七氟醚,采用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠心脏组织5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β的蛋白表达量;ELISA法检测血清5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β浓度;采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定海马组织SOD的活性,硫代巴比妥酸显色法测定海马组织MDA活性;实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）法检测血清5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β和海马组织SOD、MDA中mRNA的表达量。结果 与模型组比较,七氟醚2%、3%、4%浓度组心脏组织、血清中5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β蛋白水平、血清中5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β mRNA水平显著降低（P<0.05）;七氟醚2%、3%、4%浓度组海马组织MDA蛋白及mRNA水平显著降低,SOD蛋白及mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.05）。结论 2%~4%的七氟醚能够显著降低AIRI模型老龄大鼠心脏、血清5-HT、IL-1α、IL-1β表达水平,降低海马组织MDA水平,提高SOD活性。     

培养大鼠海马胆囊收缩素阳性神经元的电生理学特性

目的 探索海马内胆囊收缩素(CCK) 阳性（CCK⁺ ）神经元的电生理学特性。方法 用整合有CCK启动子-绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的腺病毒对培养海马CCK⁺神经元进行标记,应用全细胞膜片钳技术对标记CCK⁺神经元的电生理学特性进行研究。结果 CCK⁺神经元的胞体长径为(22.85±0.77)μm,短径为(16.21±0.42)μm (n=20),静息电位 (RMP)为(-55.90±1.30)mV,膜电容 (Cm)为(45.77±2.06)pF,膜阻抗 (Rm)为(711.00±46.69)MΩ; CCK+神经元500 ms内100 pA去极化电流诱发动作电位的发生频率为(26.17±3.41)Hz (n=12); CCK⁺神经元的自发抑制性突触后电流的发生频率［(5.26±0.71)Hz, n=7］显著高于自发兴奋性突触后电流的发生频率［(3.24±0.62)Hz, n=6］。 结论 CCK⁺神经元的相关电生理学特征可能与其在中枢神经系统内重要的调节功能相关。     

骨髓增生异常综合征患者外周血Th22细胞水平的变化及意义

目的:研究Th22细胞在骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)患者外周血中的表达水平,并探讨其意义.方法:①用流式细胞术分别检测MDS较高危组、较低危组及正常对照组外周血中Th22细胞所占比例.②用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)分别检测各组外周血中IL-22、TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-6的表达水平.③用半定量RT-PCR分别检测各组外周血中Th22细胞的相关转录因子IL-22 mRNA的表达水平,并逐层分析比较.结果:MDS较高危组、较低危组Th22细胞比例、IL-22、TNF-α、IL-6、TGF-β、IL-22 mRNA的表达水平分别为(0.53±0.13)％、(13.51±3.87) ng/L、(146.74±29.74) ng/L、(77.58±16.23) ng/L、(5.21±1.65)ng/L、0.29±0.06和(0.85±0.21)％、(16.13±4.82) ng/L、(182.34±37.55) ng/L、(95.62±20.28) ng/L、(7.46±2.17) ng/L、0.38 ±0.07,均低于正常对照组的(1.24±0.31)％、(19.72±6.55) ng/L、(238.32±50.41) ng/L、(137.95 ±.27.08) ng/L、(9.65±2.78) ng/L、0.49±0.09,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),MDS较低危组Th22细胞比例、IL-22、TNF-d、IL-6、TGF-β、IL-22 mRNA的表达水平均高于较高危组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:MDS患者体内Th22细胞数量减少,可能与MDS的发生发展呈负相关,提示MDS患者体内TNF-α、IL-6的表达减低及负向免疫细胞增多可能抑制Th22细胞的分化发育.