Central venous catheter tip malposition

Central venous catheters are commonly utilised to gain vascular access for varied clinical indications. Successful central venous catheter placement requires not only technical expertise, but also awareness of the potential complications. This article reviews the major procedural and post-procedural complications resulting from central venous catheter tip malposition.     

丙酰螺旋霉素I的分离与鉴别

用大孔吸附树脂等方法分离丙酰螺旋霉素（ＰｒｏＳＰＭ），除得到以前分离的丙酰螺旋霉素ＩＩＩ（ＰｒｏＳＰＭＩＩ）外，又得到一个新成分。根据其理化性质和波谱［ＵＶ，ＨＲＭＳ，１ＨＮＭＲ，１３ＣＮＭＲ（含ＤＥＰＴ）和１Ｈ１３ＣＣＯＳＹ］数据，并与ＰｒｏＳＰＭＩＩ比较，ＰｒｏＳＰＭＩＩ仅Ｃ３酰基不同，命名为丙酰螺旋霉素ＩＩ（ＰｒｏＳＰＭＩＩ）。     

胀果甘草中皂甙Ⅰ和Ⅱ的结构鉴定

胀果甘草中皂甙Ⅰ和Ⅱ的结构鉴定邹坤，赵玉英，张如意（北京医科大学植化教研室北京１０００８３）继前文工作（１，２，３），我们利用大孔吸附树脂初步分离，ＨＰＬＣ进一步分离，从胀果甘草（Ｇｌｙｃｙ－ｒｒｈｉｚａｉｎｆｌａｔａＢａｔ）根及根茎的１０％乙醇提取...     

Inactivation of free and cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus in platelet suspensions by aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen and ultraviolet light

BACKGROUND: It has previously been reported that 40 micrograms per mL of aminomethyltrimethylpsoralen (AMT) plus 2.4 to 7.2 J per cm2 of ultraviolet A (UVA) light inactivated 4 to 6 log10 of several model viruses in platelet suspensions. This inactivation was achieved while satisfactory levels of platelet count, pH, morphology, aggregation, and hemostatic effectiveness were maintained. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The efficacy of this procedure for inactivating free and intracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including integrated proviral sequences, was studied. RESULTS: The kinetics of inactivation for free HIV (4-5 log10 kill with 1.2-4.8 J/cm2) were similar to those obtained for the previously studied viruses. For studies on cell-associated virus, H9 cells productively infected with HIV were added to platelet suspensions and treated with the above regimen of AMT and UVA. The phototreated cells were then cocultivated with uninfected H9 cells for 4 weeks and supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HIV p24. No evidence of HIV replication was detectable for cells receiving as little as 2.4 J per cm2 of UVA irradiation in the presence of AMT. Further, it has been demonstrated that stably integrated sequences from the HIV proviral env gene can no longer be amplified by polymerase chain reaction after 1.2 J per cm2 of UVA (with 40 micrograms/mL AMT) exposure. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that AMT and UVA is an effective antiviral treatment for free and cell- associated HIV in platelet suspensions.     

Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection with recombinant interferon alfa-2a

A prospective randomised, double blind, controlled trial was conducted in 52 infants to determine whether recombinant interferon alfa-2a (INF-alpha-2a) would reduce the morbidity of acute bronchiolitis and the respiratory syncytial virus shedding time. All infants had a positive direct antigen immunofluorescence test for respiratory syncytial virus. INF-alpha-2a (50,000 IU/kg/day) or placebo was administered by daily intramuscular injection for three consecutive days. Sixteen infants received INF-alpha-2a and 36 received placebo treatment. The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics and initial oxygenation. The treatment group, however, had a significantly higher overall score for severity of illness at the start of treatment. More rapid drop of the clinical score was observed in the INF-alpha-2a group after treatment in the first three days and the two groups had similar clinical severity by day 3. There was no significant difference of the duration of viral shedding in the two groups. In conclusion, the overall clinical improvement was greater in the treatment group over the first three days, but the duration of viral shedding was not altered.     

新抗真菌剂苏式-BAY 19139的非对映立体专一性合成

本文报道以α,α-二卤代频哪酮为原料,通过其闭环的立体化学、卤代环氧烷取代反应的立体专一性及对氯苯氧基环氧烷开环反应的方位专一性这一条新路线合成了目标化合物,并用X-射线单晶分析法确证其分子结构。     

乌拉尔甘草三萜——甘乌内酯的化学结构

自乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)根茎总皂甙元中,分得一微量新三萜成分,根据IR,UV,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR等光谱及NOE,COSY,NOESY,INEPT等实验方法确定结构为3β,22α-digydroxy-11-oxo-Δ¹²-olean-ene-27α-methoxy carbonyl-29-oic acid(29,22α-)lactone。命名为甘乌内酯(glyuranolide)。     

中药云前胡的化学成分研究

从云前胡(Peucedanum rubricaule Shan et Shch)的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了二十个成分,有十三个是香豆素化合物,其中化合物ⅩⅤ是一个新的香豆素配糖体,命名为云前胡甙(rubr icauloside),经光谱测定及化学降解确定其结构为:5,7-二甲氧基-8-[2′-羟基-3′-甲基,3′-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-丁基]-香豆素。