Effect of an homo-aza-steroidal ester on estrogen receptor

A new modified steroid esterified with the cytotoxic moiety, p-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl-acetic acid, has been synthesized and tested for interaction with estrogen receptor and cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cell line.     

Colon perforation during colonoscopy: surgical versus conservative management

A survey of endoscopy units in the West Midlands, UK, was undertaken to ascertain the management of colonic perforation during colonoscopy. Fifteen perforations were reported from a total of 17,500 colonoscopies performed in 14 units (a rate of 0.09 per cent). In seven patients the diagnosis was suspected or diagnosed immediately and in the remaining eight 2-72 h later. Four patients with associated pathology (carcinoma, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and a polyp) had resection and primary anastomosis. Seven patients had a simple oversew, four of these having had a delayed diagnosis. In four cases the site of perforation was not identified, but only one patient had conservative treatment. Three patients had drainage and a defunctioning colostomy. There was no significant morbidity following treatment. It is recommended that patients who have had a good bowel preparation should be treated conservatively unless there is a large perforation or an underlying carcinoma.