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991.
Masaki Nagai Tsutomu Hashimoto Hiroshi Yanagawa Hideaki Yokoyama Masumi Minowa 《Nutrition and cancer》2013,65(4):257-268
The food intake of households in 1,040 census tracts sampled in 1974, 1975, and 1976 for the nationwide nutrition survey of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of stomach and esophageal cancers from 1969 to 1974 for the cities, towns, and villages of the nutrition survey areas, were linked and their relationship was observed statistically by correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 相似文献
992.
Misty D Thomas Akamu J Ewunkem Sada Boyd Danielle K Williams Adiya Moore Kristen L Rhinehardt Emma Van Beveren Bobi Yang Anna Tapia Jian Han Scott H Harrison Joseph L Graves Jr 《Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health》2021,9(1):53
BackgroundThere has been an increased usage of metallic antimicrobial materials to control pathogenic and multi-drug resistant bacteria. Yet, there is a corresponding need to know if this usage leads to genetic adaptations that could produce more harmful strains.MethodologyExperimental evolution was used to adapt Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 to excess iron (II) with subsequent genomic analysis. Phenotypic assays and gene expression studies were conducted to demonstrate pleiotropic effects associated with this adaptation and to elucidate potential cellular responses.ResultsAfter 200 days of adaptation, populations cultured in excess iron (II), showed a significant increase in 24-h optical densities compared to controls. Furthermore, these populations showed increased resistance toward other metals [iron (III) and gallium (III)] and to traditional antibiotics (bacitracin, rifampin, chloramphenicol and sulfanilamide). Genomic analysis identified selective sweeps in three genes; fecA, ptsP and ilvG unique to the iron (II) resistant populations, and gene expression studies demonstrated that their cellular response may be to downregulate genes involved in iron transport (cirA and fecA) while increasing the oxidative stress response (oxyR, soxS and soxR) prior to FeSO4 exposure.Conclusions and implicationsTogether, this indicates that the selected populations can quickly adapt to stressful levels of iron (II). This study is unique in that it demonstrates that E. coli can adapt to environments that contain excess levels of an essential micronutrient while also demonstrating the genomic foundations of the response and the pleiotropic consequences. The fact that adaptation to excess iron also causes increases in general antibiotic resistance is a serious concern. Lay summary: The evolution of iron resistance in E. coli leads to multi-drug and general metal resistance through the acquisition of mutations in three genes (fecA, ptsP and ilvG) while also initiating cellular defenses as part of their normal growth process. 相似文献
993.
S Matsumoto T Ito I Sekine T Sada F Okabe K Ebisawa Y Oka 《Japanese circulation journal》1983,47(9):1121-1127
In an attempt to establish an appropriate management program for patients with active infective endocarditis, 30 patients treated during the past 20 years were studied retrospectively. Microorganisms were confirmed in 27 of the 30 patients (90%) (86.7% by culture and 3.3% at surgery). Among these 27 patients, viridans streptococci were confirmed in 23 (85.2%), aureus staphylococci in 2 (7.4%), epidermidis staphylococci in one (3.7%) and candida albicans in one (3.7%). Twenty of the 23 patients (87%) with viridans streptococcal endocarditis were treated medically with good success, but 2 patients (8.7%), who developed severe congestive heart failure (NYHA 3-4 degrees), underwent emergency surgery, and one of them (4.3%) died from severe heart failure. The synergistic effects of the combined antibiotic therapy were not ascertained in the present series. It was noteworthy that a bolus intravenous administration of penicillin was more effective than its continuous drip infusion. Both patients with aureus staphylococcal endocarditis died before surgery. One patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis due to candida died after a second operation. It is concluded that most patients with active infective endocarditis can be medically treated successfully, but surgery should be performed urgently for patients with severe heart failure, poor response to antibiotics, aureus staphylococcal and candida endocarditis and prosthetic valve endocarditis. 相似文献
994.
Mineta K Nakazawa M Cebria F Ikeo K Agata K Gojobori T 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2003,100(13):7666-7671
Among the bilateral animals, a centralized nervous system is found in both the deuterostome and protostome. To address the question of whether the CNS was derived from a common ancestor of deuterostomes and protostomes, it is essential to know kinds of genes existed in the CNS of the putative common ancestor and to trace the evolutionary divergence of genes expressed in the CNS. To answer these questions, we took a comparative approach using different species, particularly focusing on one of the lower bilateral animals, the planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), which is known to possess a CNS. We determined the nucleotide sequence of ESTs from the head portion of planarians, obtaining 3,101 nonredundant EST clones. As a result of homology searches, we found that 116 clones had significant similarity to known genes related to the nervous system. Here, we compared these 116 planarian EST clones with all ORFs of the complete genome sequences of the human, fruit fly, and nematode, and showed that >95% of these 116 nervous system-related genes, including genes involved in brain or neural morphogenesis, were commonly shared among these organisms, thus providing evidence at the molecular level for the existence of a common ancestral CNS. Interestingly, we found that approximately 30% of planarian nervous system-related genes had homologous sequences in Arabidopsis and yeast, which do not possess a nervous system. This implies that the origin of nervous system-related genes greatly predated the emergence of the nervous system, and that these genes might have been recruited toward the nervous system. 相似文献
995.
Archana Kumari Piyush Ranjan Sakshi Chopra Divjyot Kaur Tanveer Kaur Ashish Datt Upadhyay Joshua Abraham Isaac Rhytha Kasiraj Bindu Prakash Parmeshwar Kumar Sada Nand Dwivedi Naval K. Vikram 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2021,15(3):987-992
Background and aimsThe success of the COVID-19 vaccination program is dependent on people's knowledge and attitude regarding the vaccination program. Higher vaccine acceptance can be ensured by strengthening the facilitators and limiting the barriers being observed among the general population.Material and methodsIndexed study is a cross-sectional web-based survey using a pre-validated questionnaire to assess knowledge, barriers and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination programme administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform.ResultsA total of 1294 responses (age: 38.02 ± 13.34 years) were collected. Most of the participants had limited knowledge regarding the eligibility of vaccines in vulnerable population groups such as people with allergies (57.89%) and immune-compromised patients (62.98%), pregnant and lactating women (41.89%) and patients with chronic illness (34.78%). Older participants (>45 years) were more willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.001) as they believed the vaccine is not harmful and considered it as societal responsibility. Younger participants (<45 years) and those residing in urban settings raised concerns on the availability of the vaccine and authenticity of the vaccine (p < 0.001).ConclusionThere is a scope for improvement in people's knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccine and the vaccination programme by addressing the barriers and facilitators which can improve the participants' turnover at vaccination centres. 相似文献
996.
Yoshinobu?Aisa Takehiko?MoriEmail author Masumi?Kudo Tomoko?Yashima Sakiko?Kondo Akihiro?Yokoyama Yasuo?Ikeda Shinichiro?Okamoto 《Supportive care in cancer》2005,13(4):266-269
Goals The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral cryotherapy to prevent high-dose melphalan-induced stomatitis.Patients and methods Eighteen consecutive recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioned with high-dose melphalan (140 mg/m2) in combination with fludarabine alone or with fludarabine and additional chemotherapy or radiation were enrolled. The severity of stomatitis was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Patients were kept on oral cryotherapy using ice chips and ice-cold water shortly before, during, and for additional 90 min after completion of melphalan administration.Results Only two of 18 patients (11.1%) developed grade 2 or 3 stomatitis while six of seven patients in the historical control developed it (85.7%; P=0.001).Conclusion These results suggested that oral cryotherapy could effectively prevent stomatitis caused by high-dose melphalan, and we recommend that it should be incorporated into the conditioning regimen with high-dose melphalan. 相似文献
997.
Junko Ueda Masumi Okuda Takeshi Nishiyama Yingsong Lin Yoshihiro Fukuda Shogo Kikuchi 《Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association》2014,24(1):47-51
Background
A number of noninvasive diagnostic tests are available to detect Helicobacter pylori infection. Data on serologic testing of children are lacking, however, and thus it remains unclear whether the serology cutoff points used for adults are appropriate for children.Methods
Serum and stool samples were obtained from 73 children who visited 5 hospitals in Japan between March 1993 and December 2009. Analysis of stool samples was carried out using an H pylori stool antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (HpSA ELISA), and serum antibodies to H pylori were examined using an antibody determination kit (E-Plate Eiken H pylori antibody). The validity of the serologic test was evaluated based on its sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristics curve.Results
Of the 73 children included in this study, 34 were HpSA-positive and 39 were negative. Among the 34 HpSA-positive patients, 32 were IgG-positive and 2 were IgG-negative. Of the 39 patients who were HpSA-negative, 38 were IgG-negative and 1 was IgG-positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio for IgG antibody testing were 91.2%, 97.4%, and 35.6, respectively, based on the recommended adult cutoff point of 10 U/ml. Among children, use of cutoff points in the range of 7 to 9 U/ml yielded optimal values for sensitivity and specificity, as well as a positive likelihood ratio.Conclusions
The performance of the E-plate anti-H pylori IgG antibody test was comparable to that of the stool antigen test and is therefore suitable for epidemiologic studies of H pylori infection in large samples.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, serologic test, validity, stool antigen test 相似文献998.
Masumi Kobayashi Tadao Yoshida Satofumi Sugimoto Masaaki Teranishi Daisuke Hara Yukari Kimata Michihiko Sone 《Auris, nasus, larynx》2021,48(2):327-330
Two patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) considered to be associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) are reported. In case 1, a 23-year-old man presented with progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) from 10 years of age and was diagnosed with ANSD. He was later diagnosed with CMT by neurological testing. In case 2, a 16-year-old girl, the younger sister of the patient in case 1, presented with progressive SNHL with similar auditory findings since 6 years of age as those of her brother. Both cases underwent bilateral cochlear implantation. In case 1, the maximum discrimination score improved to 45% 24 months after the first side of cochlear implantation from 5% before the surgery. In case 2, the score was 5% 10 months after cochlear implant (CI) surgery from 0% before the surgery. CI treatment for CMT patients has been considered difficult because of both failure in synchronization of nerve conduction due to demyelination and axonal failure of the auditory nerve. Though slower progress compared to the average subset of patients receiving CI was seen, significant improvement was gradually observed in the present patients after bilateral cochlear implantations. CI is thus a viable option for rehabilitation of SNHL in CMT patients. 相似文献
999.
Miho Nakamura Shoko Watanabe Masumi Inagaki Masahiro Hirai Kensaku Miki Yukiko Honda Ryusuke Kakigi 《Brain & development》2013
Objective: In order to evaluate whether face perception is intact or not in Williams syndrome (WS), the face inversion effects (FIE) in the event-related potential (ERP) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) were investigated in three teenaged patients with WS. Methods: Responses to the inverted faces and upright faces were compared using MEG for one 13 year old girl with WS (subject A) and ERP for boys with WS at 16 and 14 years of age (subjects B and C, respectively). Results: Although age-matched control children showed FIE in both MEG and ERP studies, two subjects (A and B) with WS showed no FIE at all. The neurophysiological data of ERP in subject B was significantly different from those of the age-matched controls. On the other hand, a boy with WS (subject C) showed typical FIE in the same manner as the age-matched controls. Conclusions: The difference between those with or without FIE was not explained merely by the chronological age, a simple delay in mental age or in the ability to discriminate among upright faces. The absence of FIE may be related to the severity of a deficit in the dorsal pathway function that is characteristic to the syndrome. 相似文献
1000.
Koichi Sugiyama Ken-ei Sada Michiko Kurosawa Jun Wada Hirofumi Makino 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2013,17(1):51-58