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Black tea and mammary gland carcinogenesis by 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats fed control or high fat diets 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Epidemiological studies suggest that tea may reduce cancer risk, and in
laboratory rodents, chemopreventive effects of tea or purified extracts of
tea have been demonstrated in lung, gastrointestinal tract and skin. There
is some evidence of chemoprevention by tea in the mammary gland, but the
data are not conclusive. In order to evaluate more fully the possible
influence of black tea on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced
mammary gland tumors in the female S-D (Sprague-Dawley) rat, three large
studies were performed: experiment 1, tumorigenesis in rats fed AIN-76A
diet and given 25 mg/kg DMBA and 1.25 or 2.5% whole tea extract or water to
drink; experiment 2, tumorigenesis in rats given 15 mg/kg DMBA and the same
diet and fluids as in experiment 1; experiment 3, tumorigenesis in rats fed
control or HF (high fat, corn oil) diet and given 15 mg/kg DMBA and 2% tea
or water to drink. Tea was given throughout the experiment; DMBA was given
by gastric gavage at 8 weeks of age. There was no consistent effect of tea
on tumorigenesis in rats fed AIN-76A diet; there was, however, evidence in
experiment 3 of a reduction of tumorigenesis by tea in rats fed the HF
diet. In experiment 3, rats fed the HF diet and given water showed the
expected increase in tumor burden (number and weight) compared with rats
fed control diet. However, rats fed the HF diet and given 2% tea showed no
increase in tumor burden; their tumor burden was significantly lower than
in rats fed the HF diet and given water (P < 0.01) and was not different
from rats fed control diet and given water or tea. In addition, in
experiment 3, the number of malignant tumors per tumor- bearing rat was
increased by the HF diet in water-drinking rats (P < 0.01) but not in
tea-drinking rats. Therefore, it appears that tea partially blocked the
promotion of DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis by the HF diet.
相似文献
23.
Delirium may be the result of dysfunction of multiple interacting neurotransmitter systems. Changes in the levels of various amino acids being precursors of cerebral neurotransmitters may affect their function and, thus, contribute to the development of delirium. Serotonin is one of the neurotransmitters that may play an important role in medical and surgical delirium. Normal serotonin synthesis and release in the human brain is, among others, dependent on the availability of its precursor tryptophan (Trp) from blood. The essential amino acid Trp competes with the other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine for transport across the blood-brain barrier. This competition determines its uptake into the brain, represented by the ratio of the plasma level of Trp to the sum of the other LNAA. The plasma ratio of Trp/LNAA, plasma level of Trp, and serotonin in plasma and platelets have been used as indirect peripheral measures for central serotonergic functioning. Both increased and decreased serotonergic activity have been associated with delirium. Serotonin agonists can induce psychosis, both elevated Trp availability and increased cerebral serotonin have been associated with hepatic encephalopathy, and excess serotonergic brain activity has been related to the development of the serotonin syndrome of which delirium is a main symptom. On the other hand, alcohol withdrawal delirium, delirium in levodopa-treated Parkinson patients, and postoperative delirium have been related to reduce cerebral Trp availability from plasma suggesting diminished serotonergic function. Rick factors for delirium such as severe illness, surgery, and trauma can induce immune activation and a physical stress response comprising increased activity of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, the occurrence of a low T3 syndrome, and, possibly, changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. There are indications that these changes have their effect on plasma amino acid concentrations, e.g., Trp, and multiple cerebral neurotransmitters, including serotonin. This stress response may be different depending on the stage of illness being acute or chronic. It will require further study to determine the complex influence of the stress response and immune activation on plasma amino acids, neurotransmitter function and the development of delirium, especially in the more vulnerable older patients. 相似文献
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Al-Bahry SN Al-Mashani BM Al-Ansari AS Elshafie AE Mahmoud IY 《Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine》2013,6(9):718-722
ObjectiveTo screen for Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to tetracycline, followed by identification of tet efflux genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, detection of tetracycline residues in chicken livers and kidneys were conducted using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS).MethodsStrains of E. coli were isolated from samples of chicken colon and screened for tetracycline resistance. Tetracycline genes conferring resistance (Tcr) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline (97.9%).ResultsPCR analysis indicated that Tcr E. coli R-plasmids contained tet(A), tet(B) and a combination of both efflux genes. None of the isolates contained other efflux tet genes tet (C, D, E and Y). High performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS), a sensitive technique, was used to detect residues of chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC) in chicken livers and kidneys. The samples containing tetracycline residues were at 0.13-0.65 pg/μL levels.ConclusionsTetracycline and other antibiotics are commonly used in the poultry and meat production industry for prevention of microbial infections. Multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria in Oman have increased to alarming levels, threatening public health, domestic and may have adverse effect on environment. 相似文献
26.
R.W.H. Smits Ivo ten Hove E.A.C. Dronkers T.C. Bakker Schut H. Mast R.J. Baatenburg de Jong E.B. Wolvius G.J. Puppels S. Koljenović 《International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery》2018,47(8):959-964
Resection margins are frequently studied in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and are accepted as a constant prognostic factor. While most evidence is based on soft tissue margins, reported data for bone resection margins are scarce. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate and determine the utility of surgical margins in bone resections for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). The status of bone resection margins and their impact on survival was investigated in patients who had undergone segmental mandibulectomy for OCSCC. Medical records were retrieved for the years 2000–2012; 127 patients were identified and included in the study. Tumour-positive bone resection margins were found in 21% of the patients. The 5-year overall survival was significantly lower in this group (P < 0.005). Therefore, there is a need for intraoperative feedback on the status of bone resection margins to enable immediate additional resection where necessary. Although the lack of intraoperative methods for the evaluation of bone tissue has been addressed by many authors, there is still no reliable method for widespread use. Future research should focus on an objective, accurate, and rapid method of intraoperative assessment for the entire bone resection margin to optimize patient outcomes. 相似文献
27.
Benjamin T. Mast Susan E. MacNeill Peter A. Lichtenberg 《The Clinical neuropsychologist》2013,27(2):173-180
The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinical utility of the Normative Studies Research Project test battery for detecting dementia with a known vascular component. The study compared 65 patients who had both suffered a stroke and met the DSM-IV criteria for dementia with 86 older medical patients who were cognitively intact. Multivariate analysis of covariance results demonstrated that these two groups had significantly different means on tests within the battery even after controlling for the influence of demographic variables. Logistic regression results demonstrated positive predictive value of 81.36%, negative predictive value of 85.23%, and an overall correct classification rate of 83.67%. 相似文献
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