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51.
52.
Hoschek Stefan Hoschek-Risslegger Ursula Fiegl Michael Zabernigg August Pall Georg Auberger Thomas Gunsilius Eberhard Schmid Thomas Jamnig Herbert Hilbe Wolfgang 《Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift》2007,157(21):562-568
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift - Aggressives Tumorwachstum, frühe Metastasierung und hohe Assoziation mit intensivem Nikotinkonsum sind die Charakteristika des kleinzelligen... 相似文献
53.
In the not-so-distant past the skin was generally viewed as a passive target for immune-mediated injury. Over the last decade, however, concepts of a previously unrecognized role for the skin have unfolded, whereby resident bone marrow-derived leukocytes (e.g. Langerhans cells and T cells) initiate and regulate the immune responses that protect it. Their combination with other immunomodulatory resident cells (e.g. keratinocytes, melanocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts) led to the idea that the skin may function as a self-sustaining lymphoid tissue. Although T lymphocytes or, at least, certain subpopulations thereof have the general propensity to populate epithelial tissues, there exist major species differences regarding the phenotype of intraepidermal T cells. The purpose of this review is to fill gaps in our understanding of the relationship of rodent skin T cells to T cells identified in human skin and the normal physiologic and pathologic role(s) of these cells. 相似文献
54.
Josef Georg Heckmann Tamara Fischer Ruben Maida Juan Carlos Jesus Galeote 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》1998,6(2):166-177
The Chiquitano-tribe lives in the southern Amazonas region in Bolivia, remote from larger towns. A study (n=1514) on morbidity over an one year period (April 1995 till March 1996) and its relation to general and social medicine is given. Most frequently, childreh under 15 years and women in parity age (15–45 years) sought consultation (34,1 %, 42,7 %). Gastrointestinal, respiratoral and gynecological-obstetric diseases were predominant (22,4 %, 16,2 % and 15,7 %). In the dry season, common colds and respiratoral infections represented the major health problem. In the rainy season, infectious diarrhea diseases caused by polluted water as a consequence of extended floods were most frequent. Typical tropical diseases (malaria, Dengue fever, Chagas’ disease, leprosy a.o.) and socially caused diseases (AIDS, dependencies on drugs and alcohol, consequencies of crime) were rarely seen. With respect to severity, 55,8 % of the patients showed mild disorders. More serious diseases were observed in 39, 8 %. 4,6 % of the patients were diagnosed severly ill and needed hospitalization. Epidemiological data on general and social medicine of minorities in developing countries and their actual degree of medical care are important in a shrinking world. The data are useful to estimate medical needs and plan improvements to the health care system especially in rural areas. 相似文献
55.
Rapid chemical kinetic techniques for investigations of
neurotransmitter receptors expressed
in Xenopus oocytes 下载免费PDF全文
Li Niu RaymondW. Vazquez Georg Nagel Thomas Friedrich Ernst Bamberg RobertE. Oswald GeorgeP. Hess 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1996,93(23):12964-12968
Xenopus laevis oocytes have been used extensively during the past decade to express and study neurotransmitter receptors of various origins and subunit composition and also to express and study receptors altered by site-specific mutations. Interpretations of the effects of structural differences on receptor mechanisms were, however, hampered by a lack of rapid chemical reaction techniques suitable for use with oocytes. Here we describe flow and photolysis techniques, with 2-ms and 100-μs time resolution, respectively, for studying neurotransmitter receptors in giant (≈20-μm diameter) patches of oocyte membranes, using muscle and neuronal acetylcholine receptors as examples. With these techniques, we find that the muscle receptor in BC3H1 cells and the same receptor expressed in oocytes have comparable kinetic properties. This finding is in contrast to previous studies and raises questions regarding the interpretations of the many studies of receptors expressed in oocytes in which an insufficient time resolution was available. The results obtained indicate that the rapid reaction techniques described here, in conjunction with the oocyte expression system, will be useful in answering many outstanding questions regarding the structure and function of diverse neurotransmitter receptors. 相似文献
56.
Cotinine determination by immunoassays may be influenced by other nicotine metabolites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyclonal rabbit anticotinine antiserum, which can be used for biomonitoring nicotine uptake by the determination of cotinine in body fluids, was checked by a competitive ELISA for its cross-reactivity with nine nicotine metabolites. The highest percentage of relative crossreactivity (about 30%) was observed with trans-3-hydroxycotinine, a metabolite which is known to be excreted in 3-fold higher amounts than cotinine in the urine of human smokers. Therefore, it is possible that cotinine determinations performed by immunochemical methods — especially in urine — may yield overestimated cotinine concentrations. 相似文献
57.
CGP 6809 — A new nitrosoureido-sugar derivative with activity in human tumor xenografts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heinz H. Fiebig Karl H. Widmer Bernd R. Winterhalter Georg W. Löhr 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1989,23(6):337-340
Summary CGP 6809 [ethyl-6-deoxy-3,5-di-O-methyl-6-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)--d-glucofuranoside] is a new methylnitrosoureido-sugar derivative that has been shown to be active against a broad spectrum of transplantable tumours in mice and rats [14]. We investigated the anti-tumour effect of CGP 6809 in ten selected, human tumour xenograft lines growing s. c. in nude mice. The p. o. administration of 125 mg/kg per day for 10–15 days was less toxic (lethality 12% in tumour-bearing nude mice) than the i. p. injection of 62.5 mg/kg per day (lethality 22%). The anti-tumour effect was similar for both application routes; two large bowel cancers responded to treatment with CGP 6809, rectal cancer CXF 158 showed a remission, and the rapidly growing, undifferentiated colonic cancer CXF 280 exhibited a transient no-change. Furthermore, remissions were observed in the epidermoid lung cancer LXF 322 and in thyroid cancer 117. Tumour progression was found in another epidermoid lung cancer and in three stomach cancers, one melanoma, and one soft tissure sarcoma. CGP 6809 is a promising new agent for clinical trials, especially for large bowel and epidermoid lung cancer.Supported in part by grant PTB 8467 from the Bundesminister für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn, FRG 相似文献
58.
Fear of bodily sensations has received extensive attention in relation to panic disorder, and more recently, other types of anxiety pathology and chronic pain problems. Extending this work, the present study examined fear of bodily sensations and its underlying dimensions in emergency room patients with Noncardiac Chest Pain (NCCP; n = 63). We posited a differential specificity hypothesis, expecting that specific cardiopulmonary fears would be more strongly associated with NCCP symptoms relative to other bodily fears. As hypothesized, participants reported cardiopulmonary sensations as significantly more fear-provoking than numbness, dissociation, and gastrointestinal sensations. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that after accounting for theoretically relevant demographic variables and health status, cardiopulmonary fear was the best predictor of a composite index of cardiac complaints intensity, even after removing variance related to the absolute number of cardiac complaints. We discuss these findings in relation to the specific role for the fear of cardiopulmonary sensations in chest pain complaints, with implications for better understanding the underlying psychological processes involved in NCCP. 相似文献
59.
Elisabeth Payer Adelheid Elbe Georg Stingl 《Springer Seminars in Immunopathology》1992,13(3-4):315-331
Conclusions The murine epidermis contains a network of Thy-1+ dendritic T cells. These T cells arise from early fetal stem cells and differentiate in the fetal or neonatal thymic or epidermal microenvironment. Their lack of expression of CD5, CD4, and CD8 antigens, as well as their virtually exclusive expression of a CD3/TCR V3/V1 complex, distinguishes DETC from the bulk of peripheral T cells.The early appearance of TCR / cells in ontogeny, the lack of expression of CD4 and CD8 antigens, and the relative paucity of and genes compared to and genes, indicates that / T cells provide a phylogenetically primitive, broadly acting, and poorly discriminating immunologic defense system. In this system, recognition of antigen is not restricted by classical MHC class I and class II antigens, but may occur in the context of relatively nonpolymorphic restricting elements, such as Qa [82], Tla [10] or CD1 [62]. This rather primitive immune system provided by DETC may serve to protect the epidermal integrity. Upon recognition of self proteins released following epidermal injury, DETC may become activated and assist in the removal of altered cells. In this limited fashion, the epidermis may be an independently competent immunologic system. However, the fact that the TCR repertoire of DETC does not allow for the recognition of antigenic peptides in conjunction with MHC moieties excludes the possibility that the diverse immune response elicited by topical contact with foreign antigens is mediated by DETC.Whether this statement also applies to the human epidermis cannot be answered at the present time. Let us consider a few plausible concepts concerning derivation and function of human epidermal T cells. First, one could postulate that in early ontogeny, the human epidermis harbors a small, indigenous population of naive T lymphocytes with monomorphic TCR representing an analogue to murine DETC. These cells could function in a manner similar to that proposed for murine DETC. They may even persist into adult life, so far undetected because they would be outnumbered by immigrating polymorphic T cells from peripheral lymphoid organs. Second, it is conceivable that the human epidermis contains an indigenous population of naive T lymphocytes with a polymorphic TCR repertoire representing a phylogenetically advanced analogue to murine DETC. Although equipped with TCR allowing antigen recognition in the context of MHC, their density is probably too low to make them an effective host defense system against the multitude of environmental antigens presented by Langerhans cells. One could rather assume that they proliferate upon recognition of self antigens occurring in a perturbed epidermis. The autoreactivity of these cells may not necessarily be beneficial. Finally, the fact that the entry of circulating HECA-452+ memory cells into the skin is dependent upon the injury-induced ELAM-1 expression by endothelial cells of the dermal microvasculature could indicate that all T cells present in adult human epidermis are recruited upon alteration of the skin. Following this reasoning, the human epidermis should not be regarded as a complete, self-sustaining immunologic organ but rather as a homing site for and a target of lymphocytes antigenically sensitized in peripheral lymphoid organs. 相似文献
60.
Schweigart G Chien RD Mergner T 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2002,147(1):89-97
Vestibular functions are known to show some deterioration with age. Vestibular deterioration is often thought to be compensated
for by an increase in neck proprioceptive gain. We studied this presumed compensatory mechanism by measuring psychophysical
responses to vestibular (horizontal canal), neck and combined stimuli in 50 healthy human subjects as a function of age (range
15–76 years). After passive horizontal rotations of head and/or trunk (torso) in complete darkness (dominant frequencies 0.05,
0.1, and 0.4 Hz), subjects readjusted a visual target to its remembered prerotational location in space. (1) Vestibular-only stimulus (whole-body rotation); subjects' responses were shifted towards postrotatory body position, this only slightly at 0.4 Hz and
pronounced at 0.1 and 0.05 Hz. These errors reflect the known physiological drop of vestibular gain at low rotational frequency.
They exhibited a slight but significant increase with age. (2) Neck-only stimulus (trunk rotated, head stationary); the responses showed errors similar to those upon vestibular stimulation (with offset towards
postrotatory trunk position) and this again slightly more with increasing age. (3) Vestibular-neck stimulus combination during head rotation on stationary trunk; the errors were close to zero, independent of stimulus frequency and the subjects'
age. (4) Opposite stimulus combination (trunk rotated in the same direction as the head, but with double amplitude); the errors were clearly enhanced, essentially
reflecting the sum of those with vestibular-only and neck-only stimulation. Taken together, we find a parallel increase in
neck- and vestibular-related errors with age, in seeming contrast to previous studies. We explain our and the previous findings
by a vestibular-neck interaction model in which two different neck signals are involved. One neck signal is used, in combination
with the vestibular signal, for estimating trunk-in-space rotation. It is internally shaped to always match the vestibular
signal, so that these two signals cancel each other out when summed during head rotation on stationary trunk. Because of this
matching, perceived trunk stationariness during head rotation on the stationary trunk is independent of vestibular deterioration
(related to stimulus frequency, age, ototoxic medication, etc.). The other neck proprioceptive signal, coding head-on-trunk
rotation, is superimposed on the estimate of trunk-in-space rotation, thereby yielding a notion of head-in-space. This neck
signal remains essentially unchanged with vestibular deterioration. Generally, we hold that the transformation of the vestibular
signal from the head down to the trunk proceeds further to include the hip and the legs as well as the haptically perceived
body support surface; by this, subjects yield a notion of support kinematics in space. As a consequence, spatial orientation
is impaired by chronic vestibular deterioration only to the extent that the body support is moving in space, while it is unimpaired
(determined by proprioception alone) during body motion with respect to a stationary support.
Electronic Publication 相似文献