Transarterial Infusion of Cisplatin and Doxorubicin in Bladder Cancer: Original Article

Forty-five patients (median age 63 years) with muscle invasive bladder cancer were treated with transcatheter intraarterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin (CDDP) and doxorubicin. They received a total of 114 courses (median 3 courses per patient) of TAI. Complete response was obtained in 20 patients (44%), partial response in 17 (38%), stable disease in 6(13%), and progression of disease in 2 patients (5%). The overall response rate was 82% at a median follow-up of 36 months. The actuarial survival of the patient population was 72% at 5 years; 36 patients were alive and 9 had died of cancer progression. The treatment was generally extremely well tolerated without major complications. The current study also revealed the fact that papillary carcinomas were more sensitive to this therapy than were non-papillary tumors. Overall, response rate and local control were significantly higher in low-grade than in high-grade tumors. The observed high complete response and good survival rate suggest that intraarterial CDDP and doxorubicin might be highly effective for localized invasive bladder cancer.     

Radioresponse of Thymomas Verified with Histologic Response

Patterns of radiologic response of 10 thymomas treated by preoperative radiotherapy (RT) (18-20 Gy/2 weeks) were determined in conjunction with histologic response. Changes in tumor volume were evaluated with CT scans obtained 5 to 36 days before and 14 to 24 days after the initiation of RT and before surgery. The extent of tumor volume reduction (TR) varied widely (40-78%), while the mean daily volume decrement expressed as a percentage of the pre-RT tumor volume correlated significantly with the pre-RT tumor volume. Histologically, the tumors, all of which were resected 17 to 33 days after RT initiation, generally consisted of predominant fibrous tissues, rare necrotic foci, and few epithelial cells. The TR did not correlate with pre-RT tumor volume, observation period, histologic subtype, or quantity of remaining epithelial cells. The TR of thymomas does not predict RT impact on tumor cells but does reflect the quantity of inherent tumor stroma.     

Improved PCR amplification for molecular analysis using DNA from long-term preserved formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue specimens

Archival tissue specimens are valuable resources of materials for molecular biological analyses in retrospective studies, especially for rare diseases or those associated with exposure to uncommon environmental events. Although successful amplification with PCR is essential for analysis of DNA extracted from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens, we have often encountered problems with poor PCR amplification of target fragments. To overcome this, we examined whether heat treatment in alkaline solution could efficiently restore the PCR template activity of DNA that had already been extracted from FFPE lung cancer tissue specimens. The effect of the heat treatment was assessed by PCR for the TP53 gene and other lung cancer-related gene loci. The heat treatment of DNA samples in borate buffer resulted in successful PCR amplification of DNA fragments ranging from 91 to 152 bp. This technique for restoration of template activity of DNA for PCR amplification is very simple and economical, and requires no special apparatus, so it may be applicable for molecular analysis of DNA samples from FFPE tissue specimens at various laboratories.     

Discrimination of areas infected with coffee leaf rust using a vegetation index

Coffee leaf rust is for the coffee industry potentially one of the causes of a sustainability crisis. Currently, on-site disease detection is the only effective method to fell coffee trees for prevention of the infection. However, accurate infection detection over wide areas is difficult when conducted by ground surveys. Here, we examine the application of a remote sensing method. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values of coffee farms were computed using satellite images and compared with the results of the ground truth. We found that the standard deviation of the NDVI value (σ_NDVI) in damaged farms increases as the average NDVI value decreases. This fact implies that the disease progresses in-homogeneously inside a damaged area. In the present analysis, up to 94.1% of the damaged farms were discriminated by combining the NDVI and σ_NDVI thresholds when 75.0% of the damaged farms had NDVI values under 0.732 and σ_NDVI over 0.044. Our monitoring method enabled us to take early-stage countermeasures against the infection, and it could be applied to other vegetation diseases.     

Rupture of Flexor Tendons After Arthrodesis of the Basal Joint of the Thumb

We report a case of rupture of the flexor tendons to the index finger after arthrodesis of the basal joint of the thumb. The tendons ruptured as a result of the Kirschner wires having penetrated in the carpal tunnel. This unusual complication was treated by tendon graft of the palmaris longus tendon.     

The correlation between toe flexor strength and performance-based measures of physical fitness in the elderly

[Purpose] To examine the correlation between toe flexor strength (TFS) and physical fitness performance measurements and their gender differences in the elderly. [Participants and Methods] Japanese males (n=50) and females (n=121), aged 65–88 years, participated in this study. We measured TFS, handgrip strength (HGS), knee extensor strength (KES), sit-and-reach distance (SR), and functional reach (FR). [Results] The female participants had significantly lower TFS, KES, and HGS than the male participants; however, the female participants had a significantly higher SR than that the male participants. FR was not significantly different between males and females. In males, TFS was significantly correlated with HGS, KES, SR, and FR. In females, TFS had correlations with HGS, KES, and FR; however, no correlation with SR was found. We could observe these correlations even after adjustment for age and body weight. [Conclusion] Elderly male had higher TFS than elderly females. In addition, TFS was correlated with all the physical fitness measurements in the male participants and all the measurements except for SR in the female participants. Gender and aging may explain the inconsistent results between SR and other physical fitness performance measurements.Key words: Toe grip, Aging, Physical fitness