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901.
Karin Ishikawa Tomihiko Tanino Yuichiro Ohtake Itaru Kimura Hiroshi Miyata Yukihiko Mashima 《Japanese journal of ophthalmology》2004,48(1):90-91
Purpose To review the outcome of surgery for strabismus due to ethmoid sinus surgery.Cases and Methods The series comprised 13 cases, 1 of inferior rectus paresis, 1 of superior oblique paresis, 6 of medial rectus paresis, and 5 of medial rectus muscle palsy due to third nerve palsy. In the cases of paresis of the rectus muscle, resection of the rectus muscles was mainly performed. In the cases of palsy of the rectus muscle, transposition of the extraocular muscle with simultaneous recession of the lateral rectus muscle was performed. The major aim of surgery was to bring both eyes into alignment and to eliminate diplopia in the primary position.Results The mean preoperative horizontal deviation of 18.1 degrees of exotropia in the paresis cases was reduced to 1.4 degrees of exotropia after surgery. The mean preoperative vertical deviation of 3.8 degrees of hypertropia was reduced to 1.4 degrees of hypertropia postoperatively. The mean preoperative horizontal deviation of 35.6 degrees of exotropia in the palsy cases was reduced to 9.4 degrees of exotropia after surgery. The mean preoperative vertical deviation of 2.0 degrees of hypertropia was increased to 2.6 degrees of hypertropia postoperatively. Postoperatively, diplopia was absent in 11 cases with a slightly compensatory head posture.Conclusions Surgery for strabismus due to sinus surgery induces improvements in eye position and diplopia.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (J Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 107:425–432, 2003) 相似文献
902.
Samuel R. Friedman Barbara Tempalski Hannah Cooper Theresa Perlis Marie Keem Risa Friedman Peter L. Flom 《Journal of urban health》2004,81(3):377-400
This article estimates the population prevalence of current injection drug users (IDUs) in 96 large US metropolitan areas
to facilitate structural analyses of its predictors and sequelae and assesses the extent to which drug abuse treatment and
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing are made available to drug injectors in each metropolitan area.
We estimated the total number of current IDUs in the United States and then allocated the large metropolitan area total among
large metropolitan areas using four different multiplier methods. Mean values were used as best estimates, and their validity
and limitations were assessed. Prevalence of drug injectors per 10,000 population varied from 19 to 173 (median 60; interquartile
range 42–87). Proportions of drug injectors in treatment varied from 1.0% to 39.3% (median 8.6%); and the ratio of HIV counseling
and testing events to the estimated number of IDUs varied from 0.013 to 0.285 (median 0.082). Despite limitations in the accuracy
of these estimates, they can be used for structural analyses of the correlates and predictors of the population density of
drug injectors in metropolitan areas and for assessing the extent of service delivery to drug injectors. Although service
provision levels varied considerably, few if any metropolitan areas seemed to be providing adequate levels of services. 相似文献
903.
Capacity and competence in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry are complex issues, because of the many different influences that are involved in how children and adolescents make treatment decisions within the setting of mental health. This article will examine some of the influences which must be considered, namely: developmental aspects, the paradoxical relationship between the need for autonomy and participation and the capacity of children, family psychiatry, and the duty of care towards children and adolescents. The legal frameworks relevant to consideration of consent and competence will be briefly considered, as well as some studies of children's consent, participation and competence. A case vignette will be used as a focus to consider the complexity of the issue of competence in child and adolescent psychiatry, in the particular mental disorder of anorexia nervosa. 相似文献
904.
905.
Herman Nys Sander Welie Tina Garanis-Papadatos Dimitris Ploumpidis 《Health care analysis》2004,12(4):329-337
The discriminatory effects of categorizing psychiatric patients into competent and incompetent, have urged lawyers, philosophers and health care professionals to seek a functional approach to capacity assessment. Dutch and English law have produced some guidelines concerning this issue. So far, most legal systems under investigation have concentrated on alternatives for informed consent by the patient in case of mental incapacity, notably substitute decision-making, intervention of a judge and advance directives. It is hard to judge the way in which the law may further adapt to a more functional assessment of capacity, because the nature of law shows that legal reforms usually take place only when new methods have been accepted by the field. This is not yet the case today. 相似文献
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909.
Brittany C. Thomas Stephen N. Thibodeau Noralane M. Lindor 《Current colorectal cancer reports》2005,1(2):103-109
Referrals to genetics services are becoming increasingly common for patients who are diagnosed with early-onset colorectal
cancer (CRC) or patients who have a family history of CRC. Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and immunohistochemical
analysis (IHC) of the patient’s tumor tissue, which assess indirectly the cellular status of DNA mismatch repair, have proven
important tools for geneticists and genetic counselors to determine whether or not these individuals may be at risk for an
inherited cancer syndrome, Lynch syndrome (a subset of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). The application of tumor
MSI/ IHC also extends to the group of providers involved in the diagnosis and management of CRC, demonstrating the growing
clinical applicability of MSI/IHC testing. This review discusses the clinical utility of MSI/IHC analysis, including its benefits
and limitations, and addresses some of the current debates surrounding testing. 相似文献
910.
The vast majority of new cases of colorectal cancer, the second most common cause of death in men and women in the United
States, are attributable to environmental rather than genetic causes. Recent research has clarified inconsistencies in the
literature and has explored new pathways through which risk factors may act. This review discusses newly published, selected
interesting and important findings in colorectal cancer etiology; these include postmenopausal hormone use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use, obesity, physical activity, diet, and other confirmed epidemiologic associations. This research provides insight
into mechanisms and offers opportunities for prevention. 相似文献