全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1884篇 |
免费 | 83篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 11篇 |
儿科学 | 27篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 329篇 |
口腔科学 | 44篇 |
临床医学 | 117篇 |
内科学 | 572篇 |
皮肤病学 | 14篇 |
神经病学 | 102篇 |
特种医学 | 84篇 |
外科学 | 262篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
预防医学 | 20篇 |
眼科学 | 17篇 |
药学 | 115篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 216篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 47篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 83篇 |
2011年 | 104篇 |
2010年 | 71篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 119篇 |
2007年 | 140篇 |
2006年 | 117篇 |
2005年 | 149篇 |
2004年 | 124篇 |
2003年 | 130篇 |
2002年 | 146篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 56篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1927年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1977条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
101.
Takuya Watanabe MD Akira Mikami MD Mitsutaka Taniguchi MD Masamichi Motonishi MD Hideharu Honda MD Kyoko Kyotani MD Shigehiko Uruha MD Kiyoji Terashima MD Yoshio Teshima MD Isao Egawa MD Yoshiro Sugita MD & Masatoshi Takeda MD 《Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences》1999,53(2):331-333
Polysomnographic findings and clinical symptoms were investigated in 14 cases of upper airway resistance syndrome. The mean scores of the Epworth sleepiness scale and self-rating depression scale in eight cases were 13.5 and 38.6, respectively. The mean sleep latency of the multiple sleep latency test in four cases was 10.2 min. Seven cases were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and one with hormone replacement therapy. The most common symptom was daytime sleepiness. Five cases had hypertension. CPAP reduced increasing negative esophageal pressure (Pes) and frequency of EEG arousals, and improved hypertension in one case. Hormone replacement therapy ameliorated increasing negative Pes and clinical symptoms. 相似文献
102.
Nobuaki Kobayashi Masamichi Takano Noritake Hata Noriaki Kume Masanori Yamamoto Shinya Yokoyama Takuro Shinada Kazunori Tomita Akihiro Shirakabe Toshiaki Otsuka Yoshihiko Seino Kyoichi Mizuno 《International journal of cardiology》2013
Background
Relationships between plaque morphology on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and biomarker levels in the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have not been fully investigated.Methods
ACS patients (n = 128) were prospectively enrolled and their plasma levels of soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (sLOX-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) were measured. Another set of 20 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) without plaque rupture or erosion served as controls. Among 128 ACS patients, 75 patients underwent OCT procedure to evaluate culprit plaque morphology, and were categorized into two groups; ACS with plaque rupture (ruptured ACS; R-ACS, n = 54) and ACS without plaque rupture (non-ruptured ACS; N-ACS, n = 21).Results
Levels of sLOX-1 (p < 0.001), hs-CRP (p = 0.048) and hs-TnT (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in R-ACS than SAP. Levels of sLOX-1 were also significantly higher in R-ACS than in N-ACS (p < 0.001); whereas levels of hs-CRP (p = 0.675), as well as those of hs-TnT (p = 0.055), were comparable between R-ACS and N-ACS. Comparison of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves among sLOX-1, hs-CRP and hs-TnT to differentiate R-ACS from N-ACS revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of sLOX-1, hs-CRP and hs-TnT were 0.782, 0.531 and 0.643, respectively. ROC curves, generated for these biomarkers, to differentiate ACS with thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) from those without demonstrated that the AUC values of sLOX-1, hs-CRP and hs-TnT were 0.718, 0.506 and 0.524, respectively.Conclusion
sLOX-1, but not hs-CRP or hs-TnT, can differentiate ACS with plaque rupture from those without, and ACS with TCFA from those without. 相似文献103.
104.
Cytopathological and immunocytochemical findings of pancreatic anaplastic carcinoma with ZEB1 expression by means of touch imprint cytology
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Diagnostic cytopathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yoshiki Naito MD PhD Akihiko Kawahara CFIAC PhD Tomoki Taira CT Yorihiko Takase CT Kazuya Murata CT PhD Yusuke Ishida MD PhD Yoshinobu Okabe MD PhD Masahiko Tanigawa MD Yutaro Mihara MD Masamichi Nakayama MD PhD Kazuhide Shimamatsu MD PhD Hirohisa Yano MD PhD Jun Akiba MD PhD 《Diagnostic cytopathology》2018,46(2):198-203
Pancreatic anaplastic carcinoma (PAC) is rare and has an aggressive clinical course. We report an autopsy case of PAC focusing on the cytopathological characteristics of the tumor and immunocytochemical staining for vimentin, E‐cadherin, and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), which markers are associated with epithelial markers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). A 50‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of jaundice. A pancreatic head tumor and multiple liver nodules were detected on abdominal computed tomography. Biliary cytology under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography suggested ductal adenocarcinoma. Three months after admission, she died of multiorgan failure. At autopsy, touch imprint cytology using squash preparation of the pancreatic tumor identified two different cell types; numerous isolated malignant cells with large and pleomorphic nuclei and a few clusters showing irregularly overlapped nuclei and irregular contours within the necrotic background. Immunocytochemically, isolated cells were positive for vimentin and ZEB1, and negative for E‐cadherin. Conversely, clusters were negative for vimentin and ZEB1, and positive for E‐cadherin. Histologically, the tumor was composed of sarcomatous cells with small foci of adenocarcinoma, which were consistent with a diagnosis of PAC. Immunohistochemical staining of the adenocarcinoma and sarcomatous cells corresponded to those of the clusters and isolated malignant cells, respectively. Immunostaining of these EMT markers is useful to distinguish sarcomatous cells from adenocarcinoma and can contribute to the accurate diagnosis of pancreatic tumors with EMT. 相似文献
105.
Dedong Kang PhD Tomoko Nakayama MD PhD Mayuko Togashi PhD Masuki Yamamoto MD PhD Mikiko Takahashi MD Shinobu Kunugi MD PhD Masamichi Ishizaki PhD Yuh Fukuda MD PhD 《Human pathology》2009,40(11):1618-1627
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe disease, the treatment and pathophysiology of which are not completely established. The pathology of acute respiratory distress syndrome involves diffuse alveolar damage, which comprises severe alveolar epithelial cell damage, hyaline membrane formation, and festinate myofibroblast proliferation and fibrosis in the intra-alveolar spaces. We performed a clinicopathologic investigation of 26 autopsy cases of diffuse alveolar damage. Three cases of them were diagnosed as acute interstitial pneumonia that is idiopathic illness and resembles pathologically organizing diffuse alveolar damage. Immunohistochemical staining for types I and IV collagen, α-smooth muscle actin, and Ki-67 was carried out, and the sites of myofibroblast proliferation and type I collagen production were examined. All diffuse alveolar damage cases in the proliferative phase showed intra-alveolar myofibroblast proliferation. When diffuse alveolar damage was diagnosed pathologically as being due to severe infection, all 7 patients showed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, whereas only 2 of 7 patients showed interstitial myofibroblast proliferation. When diffuse alveolar damage was attributed to tumor treatment with chemotherapy or to drug toxicity, 3 of 16 patients showed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; 15 of 16 showed interstitial myofibroblast proliferation, 3 of 3 acute interstitial pneumonia patients did not show multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; and 3 of 3 acute interstitial pneumonia showed marked interstitial myofibroblast proliferation. These results suggest that the pathophysiologic mechanism of diffuse alveolar damage caused by severe infection is one of systemic circulation disturbance, although the mechanism underlying diffuse alveolar damage due to tumor with chemotherapy or drug toxicity appears to involve interstitial pneumonia-like lesions that are similar to acute interstitial pneumonia. 相似文献
106.
Yamashita H Ohno K Amada Y Hattori H Ozawa-Funatsu Y Toya T Inami H Shishikura J Sakamoto S Okada M Yamaguchi T 《The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics》2004,308(1):127-133
The anticonvulsant activity of 2-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylamino]-4H-pyrido[3.2-e]-1,3-thiazin-4-one (YM928), a novel alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, was studied in animal models of generalized seizure. YM928 exerted significant anticonvulsant effects in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure test (ED50 = 7.4 mg/kg p.o.), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure test (ED50 = 9.6 mg/kg p.o.), AMPA-induced seizure test (ED50 = 5.5 mg/kg p.o.), and strychnine-induced seizure test (ED50 = 14.0 mg/kg p.o.) in mice. Effects in rats were detected in the MES seizure test (ED50 = 4.0 mg/kg p.o.) and PTZ-induced seizure test (ED50 = 6.2 mg/kg p.o.). The profile of YM928 was compared with that of established antiepileptics. Valproate showed beneficial effects in all tests used. In contrast, carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, diazepam, ethosuximide, and gabapentin were not active against seizures induced by at least one stimulant. In the rotarod test, YM928 impaired motor coordination (TD50 = 22.5 mg/kg p.o.). The protective index (TD50 value of the rotarod test/ED50 value of MES seizure) was 3.0, suggesting that YM928 can exert antiepileptic effects with only minor motor disturbances. YM928 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg p.o. did not significantly affect the threshold of electroshock seizure in rats after 16 days of repeated administration. These data indicate that YM928 does not induce tolerance after subchronic administration. These results indicate that YM928 is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that would prove useful for the treatment of generalized seizure in human epileptic patients. 相似文献
107.
Makoto Matsumoto Yuki Sasaki Koubun Yasuda Toshiyuki Takai Masamichi Muramatsu Tomohiro Yoshimoto Kenji Nakanishi 《Infection and immunity》2013,81(7):2518-2527
The host deploys a subset of immune responses to expel helminths, which differs depending on the nature of the helminth. Strongyloides venezuelensis, a counterpart of the human pathogen S. stercoralis, naturally infects rodents and has been used as an experimental model. Here we show that induction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE is a prerequisite for rapid expulsion of S. venezuelensis during a primary infection. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase-deficient (AID−/−) mice, which lack the ability to switch IgM to other isotypes, normally developed T-helper 2 (Th2) cells and intestinal mastocytosis after infection with S. venezuelensis. Although AID−/− mice expelled Nippostrongylus brasiliensis normally, they required a much longer period to expel S. venezuelensis than wild-type (WT) mice. Adoptive transfers of immune sera from S. venezuelensis-infected but not N. brasiliensis-infected mice restored the ability of AID−/− mice to promptly expel S. venezuelensis. Immune serum-derived IgG and IgE induced worm expulsion via Fc γ receptor III (FcγRIII) and Fc ε receptor I (FcεRI), respectively, and a mixture of IgG and IgE showed collaborative effects. Whereas FcγRIII−/− mice or FcεRIα−/− mice normally could expel S. venezuelensis, FcγRIII−/− mice, when their IgE was neutralized by anti-IgE, or FcεRIα−/− mice, when their IgG binding to FcγRIII was blocked by anti-FcγRIII, showed a markedly reduced ability to expel S. venezuelensis. These data reveal that IgG and IgE play redundant roles but act in concert to accelerate S. venezuelensis expulsion. Mast cell-deficient mice, even those equipped with immune serum-derived IgG or IgE, failed to expel S. venezuelensis promptly, suggesting that mast cells are cellular targets of IgG and IgE. 相似文献
108.
An alternative procedure for the creation of an ileal conduit in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration: dextrotransmesenteric location 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tadashi Hatano Masamichi Hayakawa Yuzo Koyama Kimio Sugaya Tomonori Miyazato Yoshihide Ogawa 《World journal of urology》1998,16(6):410-412
Ileal conduits have long been accepted as a standard method for urinary diversion, but conventional ileal conduits are not
always suitable for patients whose ureters are for the greater part compromised by neoplasm or preoperative irradiation, resulting
in a shortening of the ureters. Bowel migration into the large cavity, which develops after pelvic organ removal, appears
to cause tension on the ureteroileal anastomotic site. Dextrotransmesenteric placement of an ileal conduit may provide easy
access to the shortened ureters without exerting pressure on the anastomosis. We employed this procedure in seven patients
undergoing pelvic exenteration with relatively minimal morbidity. 相似文献
109.
Takayama T Makuuchi M Kojiro M Lauwers GY Adams RB Wilson SR Jang HJ Charnsangavej C Taouli B 《Annals of surgical oncology》2008,15(4):972-978
Background In 1987, Japanese researchers proposed to define the pathological concept of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However,
there are some conceptual differences between the East and the West in the diagnosis and treatment of early HCC.
Methods To provide up-to-date data for making a worldwide consensus, this article has collected six papers focused on the management
of early HCC, which were presented in the Fifth International Meeting of “Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Eastern and Western Experiences”
in Houston in January 2007.
Results In the pathological perspective, the common criteria to discriminate early HCC from dysplastic nodule included hepatocytic
invasion of portal triads and septa (stromal invasion). The current imaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound
(CEUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the use of intravenous contrast material with
multiphasic imaging could enhance their ability to accurately characterize early HCC. From the treatment perspective, a single
early HCC had a high chance for cure by resection, ablation, or transplantation, which proved to be the earliest clinical
entity (Stage 0 HCC).
Conclusions Early HCC is characterized by its incipient malignant nature and by an extremely favorable clinical outcome, thereby justifying
its definition.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Meeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Eastern and Western Experiences held in Houston,
TX, January 11–13, 2007. 相似文献
110.
Kenji Hirai M.D. Yoshinori Aoki M.D. Yasuo Majima M.D. Hirohiko Abe M.D. Osamu Nakashima M.D. Masamichi Kojiro M.D. Kyuichi Tanikawa M.D. 《The American journal of gastroenterology》1991,86(2):205-209
Thirty-eight patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), size less than 20 mm, initially detected by ultrasound (US) and histologically confirmed, were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomographic (CT) scan, and angiography. MR imaging demonstrated HCC nodules in nine (75.0%) of 12 patients with tumors less than 10 mm in diameter and in 22 (84.6%) of 26 patients with tumors 10-20 mm in diameter. In total, HCC nodules were detected in 31 of 38 patients (81.6%) by MR imaging. On the other hand, HCC lesions were found on CT scan in 14 of 26 patients (53.8%) and in 27 of 35 patients (77.1%) by angiography. With MR imaging, HCC nodules were demonstrated in 21 of 31 patients on both T1 and T2 weighted images, and 13 of 21 patients (61.9%) were shown to have low intensity areas or iso intensity areas on T1 weighted image, whereas the other eight patients (38.1%) were shown to have high intensity areas. All 21 patients were shown to have high intensity areas on T2 weighted image. Among 15 resected cases, four patients had a high intensity area on T1 weighted image, and a significant fatty change was noted in HCC nodules by histological study of the resected specimen. We suggest that MR imaging is a useful diagnostic imaging modality, even in small HCC of less than 20 mm. 相似文献