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51.
52.
Juszczak GR Blaszczyk J Sadowski B Sliwa AT Wolak P Tymosiak-Zielinska A Lisowski P Swiergiel AH 《Brain, behavior, and immunity》2008,22(1):74-79
Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) evokes in rodents an adaptive sickness behavior. It also produces changes in stress hormones secretion and activity of brain serotonergic and noradrenergic systems that have been implicated in stress responses, fear, and anxiety. Acoustic startle reflex (ASR) is regarded as a protective behavioral response that is enhanced in threatening situations or following an aversive event, and it can be modulated by physiological and emotional state of an animal. Effects of intraperitoneal injections of LPS on ASR, prepulse inhibition (PPI), locomotor activity in open field, and blood plasma corticosterone concentration were studied in lines of mice that display high (HA line) or low (LA line) swim stress-induced analgesia and also differ in emotional behaviors, including the magnitude of ASR. In both lines LPS produced robust sickness behavior, as evidenced by a decrease in locomotion and body weight, and an increase in corticosterone concentration. However, in neither line LPS injections affected responses to acoustic stimuli as assessed by the ASR and PPI magnitudes. The findings suggest that in sickness behavior induced by LPS the protective responses to salient environmental stimuli are not impaired. The significance of this finding for the concept of sickness behavior is discussed. 相似文献
53.
A role for macroautophagy in protection against 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cell death and the development of antiestrogen resistance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Samaddar JS Gaddy VT Duplantier J Thandavan SP Shah M Smith MJ Browning D Rawson J Smith SB Barrett JT Schoenlein PV 《Molecular cancer therapeutics》2008,7(9):2977-2987
This study identifies macroautophagy as a key mechanism of cell survival in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells undergoing treatment with 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). This selective ER modifier is an active metabolite of tamoxifen commonly used for the treatment of breast cancer. Our study provides the following key findings: (a) only 20% to 25% of breast cancer cells treated with 4-OHT in vitro die via caspase-dependent cell death; more typically, the antiestrogen-treated ER+ breast cancer cells express increased levels of macroautophagy and are viable; (b) 4-OHT-induced cell death, but not 4-OHT-induced macroautophagy, can be blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, providing strong evidence that these two outcomes of antiestrogen treatment are not linked in an obligatory manner; (c) 4-OHT-resistant cells selected from ER+ breast cancer cells show an increased ability to undergo antiestrogen-induced macroautophagy without induction of caspase-dependent cell death; and (d) 4-OHT, when used in combination with inhibitors of autophagosome function, induces robust, caspase-dependent apoptosis of ER+, 4-OHT-resistant breast cancer cells. To our knowledge, these studies provide the first evidence that macroautophagy plays a critical role in the development of antiestrogen resistance. We propose that targeting autophagosome function will improve the efficacy of hormonal treatment of ER+ breast cancer. 相似文献
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Elevated Blood Pressure in Urban Emergency Department Patients 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
David J. Karras MD Jacob W. Ufberg MD Katherine L. Heilpern MD John J. Cienki MD William K. Chiang MD Marlena M. Wald MPH Richard A. Harrigan MD David A. Wald DO Philip Shayne MD John Gaughan PhD Linda K. Kruus PhD 《Academic emergency medicine》2005,12(9):835-843
Objectives: There has been little systematic study of emergency department (ED) patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) values. The authors sought to characterize ED patients with elevated BP values, assess presenting symptoms, and determine the prevalence of elevated BP after discharge. Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study performed in four academic EDs. Adults presenting with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg were enrolled over a one‐week equivalent period. Demographics, medical history, and symptoms were obtained by chart abstraction and structured interview. A random patient subset underwent a three‐week follow‐up interview. BP measurements were staged, using Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC‐VI) criteria, according to the greatest value noted in the ED. Results: A total of 1,396 patients were enrolled. Stage 1 BP values were noted in 44.3%, stage 2 in 25.3%, and stage 3 in 30.3%. African American patients more frequently had stage 2 and 3 BP values than other ethnic groups. BP measurements were repeated in 61.1% of patients and were the same or greater in 51.3% of patients. Dyspnea was associated with greater BP values. Among the 63.9% of patients who were interviewed, 52.7% were not being treated for hypertension, and 42.1% of those with hypertension had recently missed a medication dose. Follow‐up was obtained in 74.7% of those targeted. A visit to a medical practitioner since discharge was reported by 63.2%; of these, 26.1% reported that their BP remained elevated. Conclusions: Elevated BP is common among ED patients. African American patients are more likely than those of other ethnic groups to have greater BP values. The ED visit may be a good opportunity to identify patients with unrecognized or poorly controlled hypertension. 相似文献
57.
M Fisher L Juszczak S B Friedman M Schneider G Chapar 《American journal of diseases of children (1960)》1992,146(5):615-621
OBJECTIVE--To provide recommendations regarding the establishment and maintenance of school-based clinics, based on analysis of data from a clinic located in a New York City high school. DESIGN--Review of demographic, medical, and psychosocial data collected during student visits. SUBJECTS--During 2 1/2 years, 1283 students were seen. The students were 53% girls and 47% boys; 65% black and 25% Hispanic; and 65% grades 9-10 and 35% grades 11-12. RESULTS--There were 7920 visits. Visits were for acute or chronic medical problems (44%), physical examinations and immunizations (25%), gynecologic or sexuality-related issues (17%), and mental health concerns (14%). Psychosocial characteristics of the 378 students who enrolled during the 1989-1990 academic year indicated that only 27% lived with both natural parents, 55% were foreign-born, 37% had repeated a grade at least once, 44% were sexually active, 13% drank alcohol, and 14% had past or present suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS--These data demonstrate that a school-based clinic can be involved in the management of a wide range of health care needs for large numbers of at-risk youth. In addition, school-based clinics can serve as a major site for the teaching of medical students and residents, and as a valuable resource for clinical research. 相似文献
58.
Marek Pawlikowski Marlena Juszczak Ewa Karasek Barbara Muszyska Michal Karasek 《Journal of pineal research》1984,1(4):317-321
The effects of pinealectomy and of melatonin administration on prostaglandin E synthesis in the medial basal hypothalamus were studied in male rats. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased prostaglandin E release from the medial basal hypothalamus in pinealectomized rats. The results of the present study suggest that melatonin modulates hypothalamo-hypophyseal function, at least in part, via inhibition of hypothalamic prostaglandin synthesis. 相似文献
59.
Bernd Saugel Carolin Gramm Julia Y. Wagner Marlena Messer Tobias Lahmer Agnes S. Meidert Roland M. Schmid Wolfgang Huber 《Journal of critical care》2014
Purpose
We aimed to evaluate a dosing algorithm for continuous vancomycin administration in intensive care unit patients.Materials and Methods
This observational study was conducted in a medical intensive care unit (German university hospital; June 2012-February 2013). Following a loading dose of 20 mg per kg actual body weight, vancomycin was administered continuously (20 or 30 mg of vancomycin per kg actual body weight over 24 hours depending on renal function). The vancomycin infusion rate was adjusted to achieve a target serum vancomycin concentration of 20-30 mg/L.Results
Vancomycin was administered for a median (interquartile range) of 7 (5-9) days. The median vancomycin dose given as an initial bolus was 1750 (1400-2000) mg. The median daily vancomycin dose ranged from 480 (180–960) mg (day 6) to 3.120 (2596-3980) mg (day 1). Altogether, the achieved median serum vancomycin concentration was 29.0 (25.2-33.2) mg/L. On treatment days 1 to 7, we observed target serum vancomycin levels (20-30 mg/L) in 48%, 39%, 33%, 26%, 43%, 57%, and 69% of patients. Supra-therapeutic serum vancomycin concentrations (> 30 mg/L) were observed in 36%, 52%, 61%, 63%, 39%, 19%, and 15% of patients on treatment days 1 to 7.Conclusions
The evaluated vancomycin dosing regimen for continuous infusion allowed rapid achievement of sufficient vancomycin serum levels. However, we frequently observed supra-therapeutic serum vancomycin concentrations in the first days of vancomycin treatment. 相似文献60.
A population-based study of tumor gene expression and risk of breast cancer death among lymph node-negative patients 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Habel LA Shak S Jacobs MK Capra A Alexander C Pho M Baker J Walker M Watson D Hackett J Blick NT Greenberg D Fehrenbacher L Langholz B Quesenberry CP 《Breast cancer research : BCR》2006,8(3):R25-15