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Bo?enna Karczmarek-Borowska Agnieszka Bukala Karolina Syrek-Kaplita Mariusz Ksiazek Justyna Filipowska Monika Gradalska-Lampart 《Medicine》2015,94(33)
Phyllodes tumors are rare breast neoplasms. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The role of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is still under dispute, as there are no equivocal prognostic factors. Treatment failure results in the occurrence of distant metastasis—mainly to the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. We have described the case of a woman with a malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast that was surgically treated. She did not receive adjuvant therapy because there is no consensus on the role of postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One year following the surgery, the patient had left-sided nephrectomy performed because of a rapidly growing tumor of the kidney. Renal cancer was suspected; however, a histopathological examination revealed that it was a metastatic phyllodes tumor. At the same time, the patient was diagnosed as having metastases in the other kidney, the lungs, liver, and bones.Our case report describes not only an unusual localization of the metastases (in the kidneys), but also failure of the chemotherapy and the aggressive course of malignant phyllodes tumor. Identification of patients with high risk for distant metastasis and the introduction of uniform rules for the management of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy would make planning treatment as efficacious as possible. 相似文献
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Mariusz Kaczmarek Agata Nowicka Magdalena Kozłowska Jakub Żurawski Halina Batura-Gabryel Jan Sikora 《Tumour biology》2011,32(6):1123-1132
Macrophages are among the infiltrate components of most malignant tumors. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) may secrete
a variety of humoral factors, which promote or inhibit tumor growth. In general, depending on their activation pathway, macrophages
exhibit two different patterns of phenotype, M1 or M2. It is assumed that TAMs comprise pattern M2. In the malignant pleural
effusion, macrophages are a frequent component of cytological evaluation. In this microenvironment, TAMs could be involved
in the development of immunity. The phenotype of macrophages represented in malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions
is unknown. In this study, macrophages were isolated from 38 pleural effusions (15 malignant and 23 non-malignant) and the
expression of a variety of immune mediators and their receptors was assessed to determine the type of activation (M1 vs. M2).
The expression of mRNA was analyzed for IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-18, TNFα, TGFβ1, IL1R1, IL1RAP, TLR2, TLR4, VLA4,
CD62L, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA, PDGFA, and PDGFB. In immunohistochemical evaluation, the expressions of CD68, mesothelin, MAC387,
IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNFα, and CD105 were assessed. The cytoplasmic expression of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 and the
surface expression of CD11a, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD23, CD25, CD45, CD54, CD62L, CD69, VLA2, VLA3, VLA4, VLA6, TLR2, TLR4, and
CCR7 were tested using flow cytometry. In supernatants from macrophages cultures, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, MCP1,
and VEGF were investigated by cytometric beads array method (CBA flex sets) and TGFβ1 by ELISA. Our results indicate that
macrophages from malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions differ from each other and suggest that macrophages isolated
from non-malignant effusions show a pattern comparable to M1 while those isolated from malignant effusions express similarity
to M2 phenotype, but they have not shown a classical M2 pattern. 相似文献
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