全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11489篇 |
免费 | 687篇 |
国内免费 | 86篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 86篇 |
儿科学 | 166篇 |
妇产科学 | 162篇 |
基础医学 | 1376篇 |
口腔科学 | 209篇 |
临床医学 | 1104篇 |
内科学 | 3227篇 |
皮肤病学 | 134篇 |
神经病学 | 922篇 |
特种医学 | 370篇 |
外科学 | 1936篇 |
综合类 | 60篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 789篇 |
眼科学 | 88篇 |
药学 | 695篇 |
中国医学 | 15篇 |
肿瘤学 | 922篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 87篇 |
2022年 | 154篇 |
2021年 | 385篇 |
2020年 | 198篇 |
2019年 | 371篇 |
2018年 | 467篇 |
2017年 | 291篇 |
2016年 | 294篇 |
2015年 | 378篇 |
2014年 | 518篇 |
2013年 | 625篇 |
2012年 | 998篇 |
2011年 | 1017篇 |
2010年 | 553篇 |
2009年 | 452篇 |
2008年 | 746篇 |
2007年 | 771篇 |
2006年 | 653篇 |
2005年 | 708篇 |
2004年 | 643篇 |
2003年 | 575篇 |
2002年 | 569篇 |
2001年 | 103篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 93篇 |
1998年 | 97篇 |
1997年 | 58篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 36篇 |
1993年 | 40篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 28篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Paul Fréneaux Claude Nos Anne Vincent-Salomon Pascal Genin Brigitte Sigal-Zafrani Abir Al Ghuzlan Marie-José Birolini Krishna Clough Xavier Sastre-Garau 《Modern pathology》2002,15(6):641-646
There is no consensus method for the histological analysis of axillary sentinel nodes (SN). This study aimed to (1) assess the rate of occult metastases in SN using large serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry (IHC), (2) evaluate whether occult metastases were predictive of metastases in the downstream axillary nodes, and (3) specify a methodology of analysis of SN that could be both sensitive and applicable in daily practice. One hundred three patients with breast carcinoma underwent SN biopsy and then axillary dissection. SN free of tumor at standard examination of one section were sectioned at six levels (150-microm intervals) and immunostained for cytokeratin. The number and localization of labeled metastatic cells (occult metastases) were recorded. In 29 of the 103 patients (28%), SN were found to be metastatic after standard examination. The SN of the remaining 74 patients were further analyzed using IHC. Occult metastases were detected in 35 of these patients (47.3%), leading to an overall SN involvement rate of 62% (29+35/103). In 33 of these 35 cases, the plurality and the dispersion of the immunostained cells implied that the screening of only 3 of the 6 levels would have led to the detection of diagnostic positive events. Only one of the 35 patients (2.8%) with occult metastases showed metastatic lymph node in the downstream axilla. In our series of axillary SN, the analysis of one standard histologic section and, when negative, of only three additional sections after IHC revealed >60% of metastasis or occult metastasis. Metastasis detected by standard analysis had a high predictive value of downstream node metastasis, whereas the predictive value of occult metastasis revealed by IHC was poor. The clinical significance of occult metastases in SN needs to be specified by long-term follow-up analysis. 相似文献
72.
Anna Colomer Nadina Erill August Vidal Miquel Calvo Ruth Roman Montse Verdú Carlos Cordon-Cardo Xavier Puig 《Diagnostic molecular pathology》2005,14(4):213-223
High-frequency microsatellite instability has been reported to be associated with good prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. However, methods to assess microsatellite instability (MIN) are based on genetic assays and are not ideally suited to most histopathology laboratories. The aim of the present study was to develop a model for prediction of MIN status in colorectal cancer based on phenotypic characteristics. Clinicopathological features of a cohort of 204 patients with primary colon cancer were retrospectively reviewed following predetermined criteria. Genetic assessment of MIN status was performed on DNA extracted from sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens by testing a panel of 11 microsatellite markers. Logistic regression analysis generated a mathematical tool capable of identifying colorectal tumors displaying MIN status with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 96.8%. Features associated with instability included the proximal location of the lesions, occurrence of solid and/or mucinous differentiation, absence of cribriform structures, presence of peritumoral Crohn-like reaction, expansive growth pattern, high Ki67 proliferative index, and p53-negative phenotype. This approach predicts microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma with an overall assigned accuracy of 95.1% and a negative predictive value of 97.8%. Implementation of this tool to routine histopathological studies could improve the management of patients with colorectal cancer, especially those presenting with stage II and III of the disease. It will also assist in identifying a subset of patients likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. 相似文献
73.
B. Denis A. Lefort R. M. Flipo F. Tubach M. Lemann P. Ravaud D. Salmon X. Mariette O. Lortholary 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2008,14(2):183-186
This study investigated the long-term outcome of patients with tuberculosis (TB) as a complication of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α blocker therapy. All TB cases ( n = 21) complicating TNF-α blocker therapy from French university hospitals were collated between January 2000 and September 2002. Outcome was assessed via a postal questionnaire during September 2005. The mortality rate after 4 years was 4.8%, and one patient had relapsed and six (29%) patients had recommenced TNF-α antagonist treatment, after appropriate anti-TB therapy, without reactivation. These data support the concept that TNF-α antagonists can be restarted in TB patients provided that adequate anti-TB treatment has been completed. 相似文献
74.
B Denis A Lefort R M Flipo F Tubach M Lemann P Ravaud D Salmon X Mariette O Lortholary 《Clinical microbiology and infection》2008,14(2):183-186
This study investigated the long-term outcome of patients with tuberculosis (TB) as a complication of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blocker therapy. All TB cases (n = 21) complicating TNF-alpha blocker therapy from French university hospitals were collated between January 2000 and September 2002. Outcome was assessed via a postal questionnaire during September 2005. The mortality rate after 4 years was 4.8%, and one patient had relapsed and six (29%) patients had recommenced TNF-alpha antagonist treatment, after appropriate anti-TB therapy, without reactivation. These data support the concept that TNF-alpha antagonists can be restarted in TB patients provided that adequate anti-TB treatment has been completed. 相似文献
75.
Roca A Quintó L Abacassamo F Loscertales MP Gómez-Olivé FX Fenwick F Cane PA Saiz JC Toms G Alonso PL 《Journal of medical virology》2003,69(4):579-587
Serological responses have been studied in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected children < 1 year of age attending the outpatient department of the Manhiça District Hospital (Mozambique). Molecular characterization of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates from the infected children indicated a high level of genetic uniformity among the infecting viruses, all of which belonged to a single genotype of RSV group A. A representative virus strain, Moz00, was isolated from one of the infants and was used, together with the group A strain A2 and the group B strain 8/60, as antigens in the quantification of infant antibody responses. In this study, 97.5% (39/40) and 96.4% (27/28) of infected children produced an antibody response against Moz00 detected by the membrane fluorescent antibody test (MFAT) and the neutralization test (NT), respectively. Seroconversion rates decreased when the A2 and 8/60 strains were used as antigen in MFAT (95.4% and 88.2%, respectively) or NT (81.8% and 54.5%, respectively), indicating that antibody responses had both group‐ and strain‐specific components. Antibodies in convalescent sera of infected children were compared with maternally derived antibodies detected in a group of children also < 1 year of age, but with no evidence of RSV infection. The convalescent sera exhibited reduced neutralizing capacity when the 8/60 strain was used as antigen (P = 0.028), suggesting that the infant antibody response lacks neutralizing capacity against strains of the heterologous virus group. Restricted cross‐reactivity and neutralizing capacity of antibodies generated by young children might be expected to induce only moderate protection in subsequent epidemics against genetically distant strains. J. Med. Virol. 69:579–587, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
76.
B-lymphocytes or B-cells form a diverse and flexible repertoire of immune cells that are reactive to almost all potential pathogens by means of the production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins. They can be divided into different populations or subsets, characterised by a distinct combination of properties. These subsets are identified on the base of their differentiation status (precursor B-cells, peripheral B-cells), their localisation in the micro-anatomical compartments of the B-cell follicle (marginal zone B-cells, lymphocytic corona B-cells, follicle centre B-cells), and the developmental lineage to which they belong (B-1 cells, and B-2 or conventional B-cells). The latter classification of B-cells into B-1 cells and B-2 cells is commonly followed by immunologists, mainly in the study of mice models, while pathologists and haematologists tend to use a terminology for B-cells which refers to their localisation in the micro-anatomical compartments of the B-cell follicle and/or differentiation status. In this review, we will discuss the various subsets of B-cells and point to the similarities between the various classification systems in use. 相似文献
77.
Abath FG Xavier EM Allen R Gomes YM Lucena-Silva N Baliza M Simpson AJ 《Parasitology research》2000,86(9):745-752
Sm13, a 13-kDa Schistosoma mansoni tegumental antigen, is one of the principal polypeptides recognized by antibodies from mice protectively vaccinated with
adult-worm tegumental membranes. To obtain the complete gene encoding Sm13 we subcloned and sequenced a cDNA and a fragment
of a genomic clone. The collated sequence contains 1088 nucleotides and represents the full-length open reading frame of the
gene, encoding a protein of 104 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 11,923 Da, compatible with the native protein
identified in the tegumental membranes. The sequence derived from genomic DNA contains a 45-nucleotide intron. The analysis
of the predicted protein suggests the presence of both N- and C-terminal hydrophobic membrane-spanning segments, and the coding
region contains no homology in the currently available data bases. Additionally, the coding region is preceded by putative
CCAAT and TATA boxes that may be involved in the control of expression. Western-blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescence
resulted in the identification of a 13-kDa protein (Sm13) in the tegument of adult worms. The present study reveals that Sm13
behaves as an integral membrane protein upon partitioning in Triton X-114 and that it is present in worms of 3 weeks or older
but not in schistosomula or miracidia. Moreover, it is also specifically recognized by sera from some schistosomiasis patients
in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western-blot analysis, suggesting that it is immunogenic in human schistosomiasis.
Received: 17 February 2000 / Accepted: 22 March 2000 相似文献
78.
Robert Guidoin PhD Allan R. Downs MD Xavier Barral MD Michel Marois MD Paul-Emile Roy MD Martin King P. Eng Camille Gosselin MD 《Annals of vascular surgery》1986,1(3):369-373
One of the early diamond crimped knitted polyester (Dacron) grafts was surgically excised after implantation for 25 years in the aorto-billiac position because of false aneurysm formation at the three anastomotic sites. The sutures were no longer visible. While the areas around the false aneurysm were poorly incorporated, the graft limbs were well encapsulated with some endothelial-like cells on the luminal surface. The integrity of the graft was well preserved despite mild fraying and the disruption of one stitch. 相似文献
79.
Onghena Louis Berrevoet Frederik Vanlander Aude Van Vlierberghe Hans Verhelst Xavier Hoste Eric Poppe Carine 《Quality of life research》2022,31(8):2493-2504
Quality of Life Research - Illness cognitions regarding helplessness and acceptance are known to play a role in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our study examined the evolution of these... 相似文献
80.
Arnaud Bernard Johanne Le Beyec-Le Bihan Loredana Radoi Muriel Coupaye Ouidad Sami Nathalie Casanova Cdric Le May Xavier Collet Pascaline Delaby Cindy Le Bourgot Philippe Besnard Sverine Ledoux 《Nutrients》2021,13(3)
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of bariatric surgery on fat and sweet taste perceptions and to determine the possible correlations with gut appetite-regulating peptides and subjective food sensations. Women suffering from severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) were studied 2 weeks before and 6 months after a vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG, n = 32) or a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 12). Linoleic acid (LA) and sucrose perception thresholds were determined using the three-alternative forced-choice procedure, gut hormones were assayed before and after a test meal and subjective changes in oral food sensations were self-reported using a standardized questionnaire. Despite a global positive effect of both surgeries on the reported gustatory sensations, a change in the taste sensitivity was only found after RYGB for LA. However, the fat and sweet taste perceptions were not homogenous between patients who underwent the same surgery procedure, suggesting the existence of two subgroups: patients with and without taste improvement. These gustatory changes were not correlated to the surgery-mediated modifications of the main gut appetite-regulating hormones. Collectively these data highlight the complexity of relationships between bariatric surgery and taste sensitivity and suggest that VSG and RYGB might impact the fatty taste perception differently. 相似文献