全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18150篇 |
免费 | 1302篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 144篇 |
儿科学 | 494篇 |
妇产科学 | 422篇 |
基础医学 | 2888篇 |
口腔科学 | 262篇 |
临床医学 | 1771篇 |
内科学 | 3718篇 |
皮肤病学 | 353篇 |
神经病学 | 2098篇 |
特种医学 | 559篇 |
外科学 | 2244篇 |
综合类 | 58篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
一般理论 | 8篇 |
预防医学 | 1551篇 |
眼科学 | 289篇 |
药学 | 1226篇 |
中国医学 | 62篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1340篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 170篇 |
2022年 | 181篇 |
2021年 | 465篇 |
2020年 | 272篇 |
2019年 | 476篇 |
2018年 | 625篇 |
2017年 | 497篇 |
2016年 | 474篇 |
2015年 | 470篇 |
2014年 | 530篇 |
2013年 | 885篇 |
2012年 | 1472篇 |
2011年 | 1531篇 |
2010年 | 782篇 |
2009年 | 620篇 |
2008年 | 1240篇 |
2007年 | 1220篇 |
2006年 | 1185篇 |
2005年 | 1158篇 |
2004年 | 1021篇 |
2003年 | 988篇 |
2002年 | 930篇 |
2001年 | 297篇 |
2000年 | 350篇 |
1999年 | 220篇 |
1998年 | 105篇 |
1997年 | 86篇 |
1996年 | 70篇 |
1995年 | 66篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 57篇 |
1992年 | 71篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 35篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 32篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 25篇 |
1974年 | 23篇 |
1972年 | 22篇 |
1971年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Franois Rietsch Vincent Bottiglione Joëlle Morcellet 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1979,180(1):181-187
The anionic block copolymerisation of isoprene and 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) followed by a coordination with iron (III) chloride, leads to thermoreversibly crosslinked copolymers. These copolymers are character+ed by a low polydispersity (M?w/M?w≈1,1) between the coordination nodules of poly(2-vinylpyridine). The study of the swelling ratio at the equilibrium in benzene shows that such a polymeric network does not reach the equilibrium state expected from the thermodynamic analysis of the system. The presence of 2VP in the copolymer induces a screening effect which prevents the solvent diffusion through the polyisoprene network. 相似文献
132.
Tellander AC Pettersson U Runström A Andersson M Michaëlsson E 《Journal of autoimmunity》2001,17(1):39-50
We have investigated interference with co-stimulation by administering mAbs towards CD28, CD80, CD86, and CD152 in mice immunized for the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 treatment inhibited disease score and incidence, whereas anti-CD28 treatment led only to a delayed disease onset. Administration of anti-CD152 had no effect. The CII-specific Ab-response was suppressed by the co-stimulatory blockade, with a stronger effect on IgG1 than on IgG2a. The CII-driven T cell proliferation, on the other hand, was not affected. Furthermore, T cells primed in the presence of either anti-B7 or anti-CD28 produced markedly increased amounts of IFN-gamma in response to CII. To investigate whether this increase in IFN-gamma was related to disease suppression, IFN-gamma-deficient mice were immunized with CII, treated with anti-B7 and followed for the development of arthritis. As in the wild-type mice, administration of anti-B7 to IFN-gamma-deficient mice led to a reduced disease incidence and severity as well as reduced anti-CII IgG titers. Collectively, these data stress the importance of co-stimulation for the delivery of B cell help rather than for production of Th1 cytokines. We also demonstrate that the enhanced production of IFN-gamma observed after B7-blockade is not accountable for the anti-B7 mediated inhibition of CIA. 相似文献
133.
Nevas M Lindström M Virtanen A Hielm S Kuusi M Arnon SS Vuori E Korkeala H 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2005,43(1):511-513
Clostridium botulinum type B was detected by multiplex PCR in the intestinal contents of a suddenly deceased 11-week-old infant and in vacuum cleaner dust from the patient's household. C. botulinum was also isolated from the deceased infant's intestinal contents and from the household dust. The genetic similarity of the two isolates was demonstrated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, thereby confirming that dust may act as a vehicle for infant botulism that results in sudden death. 相似文献
134.
Bendriss-Vermare N Burg S Kanzler H Chaperot L Duhen T de Bouteiller O D'agostini M Bridon JM Durand I Sederstrom JM Chen W Plumas J Jacob MC Liu YJ Garrone P Trinchieri G Caux C Brière F 《Journal of leukocyte biology》2005,78(4):954-966
Depending on the activation status, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) and myeloid DC have the ability to induce CD4 T cell development toward T helper cell type 1 (Th1) or Th2 pathways. Thus, we tested whether different activation signals could also have an impact on the profile of chemokines produced by human PDC. Signals that induce human PDC to promote a type 1 response (i.e., viruses) and a type 2 response [i.e., CD40 ligand (CD40L)] also induced PDC isolated from tonsils to secrete chemokines preferentially attracting Th1 cells [such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible protein (IP)-10/CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta/CC chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4)] or Th2 cells (such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17 and monocyte-derived chemokine/CCL22), respectively. Activated natural killer cells were preferentially recruited by supernatants of virus-activated PDC, and supernatants of CD40L-activated PDC attracted memory CD4(+) T cells, particularly the CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD25(+) T cells described for their regulatory activities. It is striking that CD40L and virus synergized to trigger the production of IFN-gamma by PDC, which induces another Th1-attracting chemokine monokine-induced by IFN-gamma/CXCL9 and cooperates with endogenous type I IFN for IP-10/CXCL10 production. In conclusion, our studies reveal that PDC participate in the selective recruitment of effector cells of innate and adaptive immune responses and that virus converts the CD40L-induced Th2 chemokine patterns of PDC into a potent Th1 mediator profile through an autocrine loop of IFN-gamma. 相似文献
135.
Diagnostic utility of a p63/alpha-methyl-CoA-racemase (p504s) cocktail in atypical foci in the prostate. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vincent Molinié Ga?lle Fromont Mathilde Sibony Annick Vieillefond Viorel Vassiliu Béatrix Cochand-Priollet Jean M Hervé Thierry Lebret Anne C Baglin 《Modern pathology》2004,17(10):1180-1190
Prostatic needle biopsy is the preferred method for diagnosing early prostate cancer, providing specific information. In cases of histological cancer mimics, a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation suspected of but not diagnosed as malignancy can be made. In such cases, and in small focus carcinomas, pathologists use 34betaE12, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 or p63 immunostaining to label basal cells, and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR/p504s) immunostaining as a positive prostate cancer marker on two distinct slides. However, in cases of small foci, ambiguous lesions might disappear. The purpose of our study was to improve the sensitivity of a cocktail of two antibodies (p63/p504s) with a sample incubation on 260 prostatic specimens, in order to help make a decision in conjunction with standard histology and CK 5/6 immunostaining. We tested 101 small focus prostatic cancers, 104 atypical small acinar proliferation, 19 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, two atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and 34 benign mimics of cancer. After p63/p504s immunostaining, the final diagnoses retained were as follows: 154 prostatic cancers, 14 atypical small acinar proliferation, 30 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, three atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and 62 benign mimics of cancer. To differentiate malignant from benign lesions, we used the criteria of greater sensitivity to p504s/p63 (95%) than to CK 5/6 (57%) or p63 (86%), and higher specificity for p504s/p63 (95%) than for CK 5/6 (88%) or p63 (81%). With the p504s/p63 cocktail, 89% of the ambiguous lesions were classified vs 53% for CK 5/6. Combined use of the two antibodies, one (p504s) as a positive marker and the other (p63) as a negative marker, with a simple immunostaining procedure, may improve diagnostic performance, sensitivity and specificity, leading to a reduction in the risk of false negatives; this technique in cases of atypical small acinar proliferation should reduce the percentage of residual ambiguous lesions and the need for additional biopsies. 相似文献
136.
Kiyoshi Imaizumi Junko Kimura Mari Matsuo Kenji Kurosawa Mitsuo Masuno Norio Niikawa Yoshikazu Kuroki 《American journal of medical genetics》2002,107(1):58-60
We describe a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 8 [46,XX,t(5;8)(q35;q24.1)] in a 15-month-old girl with a typical Sotos syndrome phenotype. Involvement of the 5q35 region was previously reported (Maroun et al. [1994: Am J Med Genet 50:291-293]) as one of translocation breakpoints in the present patient. We suggest that the gene responsible for Sotos syndrome is located to a distal long-arm region of chromosome 5. 相似文献
137.
Jehane Fadlallah Delphine Sterlin Claire Fieschi Christophe Parizot Karim Dorgham Hela El Kafsi Gaëlle Autaa Pascale Ghillani-Dalbin Catherine Juste Patricia Lepage Marion Malphettes Lionel Galicier David Boutboul Karine Clément Sébastien André Florian Marquet Christophe Tresallet Alexis Mathian Guy Gorochov 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》2019,143(4):1575-1585.e4
138.
Marchand-Adam S Plantier L Bernuau D Legrand A Cohen M Marchal J Soler P Lesèche G Mal H Aubier M Dehoux M Crestani B 《American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology》2005,32(5):470-477
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is secreted by fibroblasts and protects from pulmonary fibrosis in animal models. Interleukin (IL)-1beta is the most potent inducer of KGF in fibroblasts, acting through the c-Jun pathway. We evaluated in vitro KGF production by human lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n = 10) and from control subjects (n = 7) at baseline and after IL-1beta stimulation. Basal KGF secretion by IPF fibroblasts was similar to controls. In fibroblasts from control subjects, IL-1beta increased c-Jun expression, c-Jun activation, and KGF secretion. SP600125, a specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, inhibited the effect of IL-1beta. By contrast, in IPF fibroblasts, IL-1beta did not increase c-Jun expression and c-Jun activation, and weakly increased KGF secretion, whereas SP600125 had no effect. IL-1beta similarly increased JunB expression in fibroblasts from patients with IPF and control subjects. Total JNK content was not different in either unstimulated or IL-1beta-stimulated IPF and control fibroblasts. IL-1beta increased phosphorylated JNK in control and IPF fibroblasts, but this increase was weaker and heterogeneous in IPF. Altogether, our results demonstrate a dysregulation of KGF secretion by IPF fibroblasts. The weak response to IL-1beta is associated with a defect of c-Jun expression and activation and a defect of JNK activation. 相似文献
139.
Le Friec G Laupèze B Fardel O Sebti Y Pangault C Guilloux V Beauplet A Fauchet R Amiot L 《Human immunology》2003,64(8):752-761
140.
Joëlle Morcellet-Sauvage Michel Morcellet Claude Loucheux 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1982,183(4):821-829
The compact → coil conformational transition of hydrophilic-hydrophobic copolymers derived from poly(methacrylic acid) was studied by UV Spectroscopy. Two copolymers were used in this study: a Poly(N-methacryloylalanine-co-N-phenylmethacrylamide) (P50) and a poly(methacrylic acid-co-benzyl methacrylate) (S25). Both samples exhibit hypochromism in the absorption band of the aromatic chromophore when they are under the compact conformation: 7% and 30% hypochromism for P50 and S25, respectively. This difference is explained by differences in the hydrophobic side chain-side chain interactions between the aromatic residues. Increasing the temperature was found to increase strongly the hypochromism of S25 and to have little effect on P50. 相似文献