Cytotoxic and proinflammatory responses induced by ZnO nanoparticles in in vitro intestinal barrier

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used nowadays, thus the gastrointestinal exposure to ZnO NPs is likely to be relevant and the effects on the intestinal barrier should be investigated. Polarized Caco‐2 cells were exposed from the apical (Ap) and basolateral (Bl) compartments to increasing concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of sonochemical (sono) and commercial ZnO NPs. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), cell viability, proinflammatory cytokine release and presence of protein oxidative damage were evaluated after exposure. TEER was not significantly affected by Ap exposure to either sono or commercial ZnO NPs at any tested concentrations. After Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs (all the concentrations) and to 100 μg/mL of commercial ZnO NPs TEER was decreased (P < 0.05). Ap and Bl exposure to 100 μg/mL sono ZnO NPs and Ap exposure to 50 μg/mL commercial ZnO NPs induced a significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin‐6. A significant (P < 0.05) release of interleukin‐8 was observed after Ap exposure to ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL and after Bl exposure to sono ZnO NPs at 100 μg/mL. Ap or Bl exposure to sono or commercial ZnO NPs did not affect tumour necrosis factor‐alpha secretion or protein sulphydryl oxidation. In conclusion, the ZnO NP exposure from the Ap compartment appeared almost safe, while the exposure through the basal compartment appeared to be more hazardous and the different NP size and crystallinity seem to affect the mode of action, but further studies are necessary to elucidate better these toxicity mechanisms.     

Incremental value of amyloid-PET versus CSF in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - To compare the incremental diagnostic value of amyloid-PET and CSF (Aβ42, tau, and phospho-tau) in AD diagnosis in patients with...     

Treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-related uveitis beyond TNF-α inhibition: a narrative review

Clinical Rheumatology - Chronic anterior uveitis is the most frequent among extra-articular manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a relevant cause of ocular morbidity in...     

Syndemic and syndemogenesis of low back pain in Latin-American population: a network and cluster analysis

Clinical Rheumatology - Although low back pain (LBP) is a high-impact health condition, its burden has not been examined from the syndemic perspective. To compare and assess clinical,...     

Retention rates and identification of factors associated with anti-TNFα, anti-IL17, and anti-IL12/23R agents discontinuation in psoriatic arthritis patients: results from a real-world clinical setting

Clinical Rheumatology - Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) play a pivotal role in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Despite this, their discontinuation due to...     

Left atrial size measured on CT pulmonary angiography: another parameter of pulmonary embolism severity? A systematic review

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - We systematically review the potential role of left atrial (LA) size, evaluated at computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with acute pulmonary...