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11.
M Storr P Born E Frimberger N Weigert T Rösch A Meining M Classen HD Allescher 《BMC gastroenterology》2002,2(1):19-8
Background
It has been suggested that intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) may represent an alternative therapy to balloon dilatation in achalasia. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections in achalasia patients, as assessed using lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) and symptom scores, and to compare the response in patients with different types of pretreatment (no previous treatment, balloon dilatation, myotomy, BTX injection). 相似文献12.
Hans D de Boer Jan van Egmond Jacques J Driessen Leo HD Booij 《Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment》2007,3(5):539-544
Steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), such as rocuronium, are widely used in clinical anesthesia and emergency medicine to facilitate endotracheal intubation and artificial ventilation and to allow surgical access to body cavities. Reversal of neuromuscular blockade is important for the acceleration of patient recovery and prevention of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade and reduces the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia management. Sugammadex is the first selective relaxant binding agent (SRBA) and has been designed to reverse the steroidal neuromuscular blocking drug rocuronium. Encapsulation of the rocuronium molecule by sugammadex results in a rapid decrease in free rocuronium in the plasma and subsequently at the nicotinic receptor at the motor endplate. After encapsulation, rocuronium is not available to bind to the nicotinic receptor in the neuromuscular junction. This promotes the liberation of acetylcholine receptors, and muscle activity reappears. This new concept of reversal of neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium (or vecuronium) led to impressive results in animal and phase 1 and 2 studies. Sugammadex is currently in phase 3 clinical studies and may be commercially available by 2008. 相似文献
13.
Large‐scale brain network abnormalities in Huntington's disease revealed by structural covariance 下载免费PDF全文
Lora Minkova Simon B. Eickhoff Ahmed Abdulkadir Christoph P. Kaller Jessica Peter Elisa Scheller Jacob Lahr Raymund A. Roos Alexandra Durr Blair R. Leavitt Sarah J. Tabrizi Stefan Klöppel TRACK‐HD Investigators 《Human brain mapping》2016,37(1):67-80
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that can be diagnosed with certainty decades before symptom onset. Studies using structural MRI have identified grey matter (GM) loss predominantly in the striatum, but also involving various cortical areas. So far, voxel‐based morphometric studies have examined each brain region in isolation and are thus unable to assess the changes in the interrelation of brain regions. Here, we examined the structural covariance in GM volumes in pre‐specified motor, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and social‐affective networks in 99 patients with manifest HD (mHD), 106 presymptomatic gene mutation carriers (pre‐HD), and 108 healthy controls (HC). After correction for global differences in brain volume, we found that increased GM volume in one region was associated with increased GM volume in another. When statistically comparing the groups, no differences between HC and pre‐HD were observed, but increased positive correlations were evident for mHD, relative to pre‐HD and HC. These findings could be explained by a HD‐related neuronal loss heterogeneously affecting the examined network at the pre‐HD stage, which starts to dominate structural covariance globally at the manifest stage. Follow‐up analyses identified structural connections between frontoparietal motor regions to be linearly modified by disease burden score (DBS). Moderator effects of disease load burden became significant at a DBS level typically associated with the onset of unequivocal HD motor signs. Together with existing findings from functional connectivity analyses, our data indicates a critical role of these frontoparietal regions for the onset of HD motor signs. Hum Brain Mapp 37:67–80, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
14.
SJ KANG HD WOO JY CHOI YJ LEE HW CHUNG 《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2006,20(3):224-247
5-Flourouracil(5-FU) is one of well known anti-cancer drugs, but its toxicity in normal lymphocytes remains a major problem in chemotherapy. The eastern traditional drug, Bupleuri radix(BR), has been used for the treatment of liver diseases and contains series of triterpene saponins. 相似文献
15.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an intermediate product in the synthesis
of male and female sex hormones in the adrenal cortex of man. In livers of
rats and mice DHEA increases the levels of cytochrome P450 IVA and
peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes associated with peroxisome
proliferation. Prolonged treatment of rats with DHEA induces liver tumors
that are more frequent in females arising mainly in the periportal regions
of the liver lobule (Metzger et al., Toxicol. Pathol. 23, 591-605, 1995).
Because of paucity of information on hepatic zonation of peroxisomal
response to DHEA and controversial reports on gender-specific differences
of its effects the present study was undertaken using qualitative
immunohistochemical and quantitative immunoelectron microscopical
techniques in addition to Western blotting. Rats were treated for 24 weeks
with 0.6% DHEA supplied with diet. Immunoblot analysis revealed marked
induction of peroxisomal beta- oxidation enzymes, which by quantitative
analysis was equally strong in male and female animals, whilst catalase and
urate-oxidase were not increased. Cytochrome P450 IVA, in contrast, was
induced significantly stronger in male than in female rats.
Immunohistochemistry confirmed the induction of cytochrome P450 IVA showing
a marked lobular gradient in female animals with strong induction in
pericentral and almost no induction in periportal regions of the liver
lobule. In male animals cytochrome P450 IVA was expressed more uniformly
across the liver lobule. A similar sex specific zone-dependent response was
observed for peroxisomes. DHEA induced in females a significant zonal
gradient with marked peroxisome proliferation and a strong induction of
peroxisomal hydratase/dehydrogenase in pericentral hepatocytes and a much
smaller response in periportal regions. Livers of male animals, in
contrast, showed a uniform peroxisomal proliferation to DHEA with only
slight zonal differences. The striking homologies of the induction patterns
of cytochrome P450 IVA and the peroxisome proliferation in both sexes
support the notion of a functional relationship. In view of the almost
exclusive periportal localization of DHEA-induced tumors in female rats in
contrast to the pericentral localization of the peroxisomal proliferation
shown by this study, it seems likely that other factors in addition to
peroxisome proliferation may contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic effect of
DHEA.
相似文献
16.
Burwinkel B; Maichele AJ; Aagenaes O; Bakker HD; Lerner A; Shin YS; Strachan JA; Kilimann MW 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(7):1109-1115
Glycogen storage disease due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency occurs in
several variants that differ in mode of inheritance and tissue-
specificity. This heterogeneity is suspected to be largely due to mutations
affecting different subunits and isoforms of phosphorylase kinase. The gene
of the ubiquitously expressed beta subunit, PHKB, was a candidate for
involvement in autosomally transmitted phosphorylase kinase deficiency of
liver and muscle. To identify such mutations, the complete PHKB coding
sequence was amplified by RT-PCR of RNA isolated from blood samples of
patients and analyzed by direct sequencing of PCR products. The
characterization of mutations was complemented by PCR of genomic DNA. In
one female and four male patients, we identified five independent nonsense
mutations (Y418ter; R428ter; Y974H+E975ter; Q656ter in two cases), one
single-base insertion in codon N421, one splice-site mutation affecting
exon 31, and a large deletion involving the loss of exon 8. Although these
severe translation-disrupting mutations occur in constitutively expressed
sequences of the only known beta subunit gene of phosphorylase kinase,
PHKB, they are associated with a surprisingly mild clinical phenotype,
affecting virtually only the liver, and relatively high residual enzyme
activity of approximately 10%.
相似文献
17.
S Paeschke N Horn C Fotopoulou A Zambon-Bertoja A Sollwedel ML Zenclussen P Casalis J Dudenhausen HD Volk F Chen A Zenclussen 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2005,54(2):120-121
The acceptance of the semiallogeneic fetus within the maternal environment requires tolerance mechanisms not fully characterized yet. Normal pregnancy is known to be associated with a Th2 profile. Furthermore, T-regulatory cells were proposed to regulate the Th2/Th1 balance at early stages of pregnancy. Treg may avoid the shift to a Th1 profile preventing miscarriage. Accordingly, spontaneous abortion is characterized by a Th1 dominance and diminished levels of Tregulatory cells (Treg). The major aim of the present work was to investigate if pre-eclampsia, a late immunological complication of pregnancy, is characterized by similar hallmarks. Therefore, we measured the surface antigens CD4, CD25, CD8, CTLA4 (as well as the secretion of IL-10) in peripheral blood from patients suffering from pre-eclampsia (n = 8) and age-matched patients undergoing normal pregnancies (n = 9) by 4-colour flow-cytometry. We were not able to find any significant differences in the levels of CD4+ , CD25+ , CD8+ , CTLA4, CD4+ /CD25+ , CD4+ /CD25bright , CD4+ /CTLA4, CD25+ /CTLA4, CD4+ /CD25+ /CTLA4, CD8+ /CD25+ , CD8+ /CTLA4 or CD8+ /CD25+ /CTLA4 cell subsets. Our data suggest that Treg may not participate in the onset of pre-eclampsia and suggest other regulatory mechanisms during late pregnancy. 相似文献
18.
Venous clots: evaluation with MR imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the proton relaxation and imaging characteristics of static blood and acute and organized clot in canine jugular veins. In vivo, it was found that two inversion recovery sequences using a short inversion time (100 msec) demonstrated better differentiation of signal intensity of intravascular clot from surrounding soft tissues than did standard T1- and T2-weighted sequences. In vitro, quantitative measurements showed marked reduction of both T1 and T2 relaxation time of acute clot compared with stagnant blood. In addition, the T1 relaxation time, and to a lesser extent the T2 relaxation time, shortened as the clot aged, indicating a potential role for magnetic resonance imaging in determining the age of venous thrombi. 相似文献
19.
胶原-壳聚糖复合材料的制备及生物安全性检测 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
目的:制备胶原-壳聚糖复合细胞载体,并对该载体进行系统的生物学性能检测。方法:实验于2003-07/2006-06在天津市医药科学研究所完成。将胶原溶液和壳聚糖溶液按照一定比例(9∶1)混匀,交联后真空冷冻干燥,制成胶原-壳聚糖复合载体,对该载体进行复合材料性状及理化性能检测。并采用急性全身毒性试验、皮内刺激试验、皮肤致敏试验、溶血试验、细胞毒性试验和致突变试验进行生物学性能检测。结果:①胶原-壳聚糖复合材料具有三维立体多孔结构,适合细胞的三维生长,能为新生组织提供良好的支架。②急性全身毒性试验、皮内刺激试验均阴性,致敏率仅为6.25%,细胞毒性为0级,无诱变能力。结论:从仿生学角度出发,制备出可生物降解的胶原-壳聚糖复合材料,经过系统的生物学评价发现,胶原-壳聚糖复合材料具有良好的生物安全性,对机体无毒,不致突变,对细胞有较强的亲和作用,利于细胞生长和分化。 相似文献
20.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal multimodal structural imaging in prodromal Huntington's disease 下载免费PDF全文