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This work is focused on the development of controlled drug delivery systems using different wax/fat embedded indomethacin (IM). Discrete wax/fat embedded microspherules containing indomethacin were prepared by using cetostearyl alcohol, paraffin wax and stearic acid by employing emulsification-phase separation method. These matrices have been used as barrier coatings due to their hydrophobic nature. Chemically inert and tasteless nature of wax/fats promotes their use as taste masking agents for bitter drugs. Various waxes and fats are available having different physicochemical properties to suit the needs of formulation. Methyl cellulose (MC) 1% w/v, sodium alginate (SA) 0.5% w/v and Tween-80 (TW) 1% w/v were used as emulgents. The resulting microspherules were discrete, large, spherical and also free flowing. It is revealed from the literature that natures of wax/fat emulgents were found to influence the rate of drug release. In the present work the drug content in all the batches of microspherules were found to be uniform. The rate of drug release corresponded best to first order kinetics, followed by Higuchi and zero-order equations. The release of the model drug from these wax/fat microspherules was prolonged over an extended period of time and the drug release mechanism followed anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion controlled as well as Super Case II transport. Among the three matrix materials used, paraffin wax retarded the drug release more than the other two. Surface characteristics of microspherules have been studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). A fair degree rank of correlation was found to exist between the size and release retardation in all the three-wax/fat emulgent combinations.  相似文献   
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Background There is a debate as to whether some types of oral leucoplakias (OL) are caused by Candida species, and whether they contribute to the malignant transformation, associated with a minority of such lesions. As no detailed population analysis of yeast isolates from OL is available, we evaluated the virulence attributes, and genotypes of 35 C. albicans from OL, and compared their genotypes with 18 oral isolates from healthy individuals.Material and Methods The virulence traits evaluated were esterase, phospholipase, proteinase, haemolysin and coagulase production, and phenotypic switching activity, and yeast adherence and biofilm formation. DNA from OL and control yeasts were evaluated for A, B or C genotype status.Results Phospholipase, proteinase, and coagulase activity and biofilm formation was observed in 80%, 66%, 97 % and 77 % of the isolates, respectively. Phenotypic switching was detected in 8.6%, while heamolytic, and esterase activity and adherence were noted in all isolates.Conclusions The genotype A was predominant amongst both the OL and control groups. Due to the small sample size of our study a larger investigation to define the role of candidal virulent attributes in the pathogenicity of OL is warranted, and the current data should serve as a basis until then. Key words:C. albicans, oral cavity, leukoplakia, virulence factors, genotyping.  相似文献   
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The cytologic features of a case of mixed hepatoblastoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in a 2½-yr-old child are described. FNAB was carried out on a large, firm mass in the upper abdomen, without any complications. The characteristic cytologic features were clusters of polyhedral cells with mild anisonucleosis, and intracytoplasmic bile pigment. Focal areas of mesenchymal elements were seen. Immature hematopoietic cells were present. FNAB offers a safe and accurate method of diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;19:306–308. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
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Objective:

The objective of the present study is to find low dose of doxorubicin (DOX) with cancer preventive activity and to check the implication of this low dose of DOX on antioxidant defence system during lymphoma growth in mice, as the clinical utility of anthracycline anticancer drugs, especially DOX is limited by a progressive cardiotoxicity linked to mitochondrial damage.

Materials and Methods:

We selected a dose of DOX (0.90 mg/kg body weight of mouse), which is about 20 folds lower than clinically used dose for cancer treatment. The cancer preventive action is monitored by modulation of anaerobic metabolism. The effect of this dose on antioxidant defence system is analyzed by testing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The activities of these enzymes were monitored at different intervals during the growth of lymphoma in mice.

Results:

The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD, and GST, were found to decrease gradually during the growth of lymphoma in mice. The anaerobic metabolism was increasing with lymphoma growth. We report that about 20 folds lower dose of DOX enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreases anaerobic metabolism during the development of lymphoma. These enzymes of antioxidant defence system suppress oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, whereas a decrease in anaerobic metabolism checks cancer growth.

Conclusions:

The result suggests that dose cumulative cellular toxicity of DOX may be avoided by treating cancer in animals with lower doses of DOX in combination with other drugs.KEY WORDS: Antioxidant enzymes, cancer prevention, Dalton''s lymphoma, doxorubicin, reactive oxygen species  相似文献   
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Cryptococcoma is a rare entity, characterized by solid, space-occupying masses, usually found in the brain. It has been reported in the setting of "paradoxical" immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. A case of retroperitoneal cryptococcoma in a HIV-infected woman with a clinical history of disseminated cryptococcosis on antifungal maintenance therapy is described.  相似文献   
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