Abnormal anatomy of the lumbosacral region imaged by magnetic resonance in children with anorectal malformations

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of lumbosacral anomalies, the association with urogenital abnormalities, and the correlation with defaecation pattern by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed of routine MRI in patients with anorectal malformations. Between 1990 and 1994, MRI was performed in 43 such patients: 31 boys and 12 girls. Twenty four had a high anorectal malformation, 16 had a low anorectal malformation, and three had Currarino's triad. MRI was performed before reconstruction in 26, and postoperatively in 17. Urogenital anomalies were found in 21. RESULTS: Abnormalities of the spinal cord and spine were found with MRI in 20 patients (46.5%); caudal regression syndrome in 10, tethered cord in two, a combination of both in three, and other spinal anomalies in five. These anomalies were found in 30% of the patients with low anorectal malformations, and in 50% with high anorectal malformations. In patients with urogenital malformations, MRI more often showed spinal anomalies (13/21, 62%) than in patients without (7/22, 32%). In high anorectal malformations, defaecation was more often a problem in patients with spinal anomalies (12/15, 80%) than in patients without (2/8, 25%). CONCLUSIONS: Spinal anomalies in the lumbosacral region were found with MRI in 46.5% of patients with anorectal malformations. Since presence of these anomalies seems to be related to clinical outcome, MRI should be performed routinely in all such patients.     

Biofeedback training in chronic constipation

Twenty nine patients, aged 5-16 years, were studied to evaluate whether biofeedback training is effective in treating children with chronic constipation and encopresis; the clinical outcome at six weeks and 12 months was also evaluated. Patients received on average five biofeedback training sessions. The existence of external anal contraction or decreased rectal sensation in 16 (55%) and eight (27%) of the children, respectively was identified on manometry. After biofeedback training, 26 (90%) of the patients learned to relax the external anal sphincter; 18 (63%) normalised rectal sensation. The training resulted in a significant increase in defecation frequency and a significant decrease in encopresis. At six weeks, 16 (55%) of the patients were clinically symptom free. At follow up after 12 months the results were sustained. Only three patients showed a relapse within six months, of whom two were successfully treated with one extra training session. Biofeedback training might be a useful therapeutical approach in children with chronic constipation and encopresis.     

中药抗疲I号对训练Wistar大鼠急进高原并运动力竭后心肌及其酶谱的影响

目的通过训练大鼠急进高原模型从心肌组织形态和酶谱改变,研究训练对心肌损伤的防护。方法于海拔1520m实地环境设实验组(EG)采用中药抗疲I号加入常规饲料中喂养,对照组(CG)常规饲料喂养,EG、CG各40只游泳训练4周后,各选35只3h急进海拔3850m实地静息1.5h,从中各选10只作为静息对照采集标本,EG、CG各20只游泳至力竭后1h、24h采集标本;测定比较各组心肌酶谱指标等,镜下观察比较各组心肌形态变化。结果EG血中心肌酶谱指标1h、24h指标均优于CG1h、24h结果;心肌组织学结构从纵断面看,EG心肌结构清晰,肌丝细密,横纹清楚,核周无空隙;横断面心肌纤维群间隙小,毛细血管平均为10～12个/HPF;CG心肌纤维界限不清晰,肌丝分散,横纹不清楚,横断面心肌纤维群间隙增宽,毛细血管平均为3～5个/HPF,毛细血管腔扩张,红细胞堆积,提示有水肿。结论急进高海拔地区运动后可使心肌纤维缺氧水肿,血中心肌酶谱增高,同时会使心肌营养不良而发生结构改变,对心肌的供氧能力好坏必然决定运动能力强弱,过度训练、改变运动集训环境或强体力劳动均可引起心肌供血能力下降,本研究是通过抗疲I号加入食品干预训练大鼠的,有利于改善心肌营养与供氧状况,并能降低心肌纤维水肿发生。     

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in renal osteodystrophy. Epiphysiolysis--anticonvulsant therapy

Three children with azotaemic renal osteodystrophy were treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). All showed clinical, biochemical, and radiological improvement within 6 months of starting treatment. There were no complications. The dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 required was 0-5 microgram per day for 2 children aged 22 and 30 months, and 2 microgram per day for a 15-year-old boy. 2 of the patients were receiving phenobarbitone and phenytoin and in one of them prior treatment with dihydrotachysterol 0-5 mg daily and 6 microgram 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alphaOHD3) daily had failed to induce improvement. In one patient, in whom serial iliac bone samples were available, 2 microgram 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in histological improvement in previously severe osteomalacia. 1,25(OH)2D3 appears to be an effective and safe drug in the treatment of uraemic osteodystrophy.     

2种用药方案治疗慢性丙型肝炎的药物经济学评价

目的:评价2种用药方案治疗慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)的经济学效果。方法:185例CHC患者按照治疗方案的不同分为长效组(聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林)与普通组(普通干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林),针对不同基因型分别采用最小成本分析法和成本-效果分析法进行研究,效果指标采用持续病毒学应答率(SVR),成本指标采用直接医疗服务成本。结果:对于基因2型、3型的CHC患者,长效组与普通组的SVR分别为76.5%、63.5%(P>0.05),治疗成本分别为30235.20、36950.40元(P<0.05);对于基因1型、未分型的CHC患者,长效组与普通组的SVR分别为52.9%、25.8%(P<0.05),成本-效果比分别为114310.77、143218.60,长效组相对于普通组的增量成本-效果比为86789.67。结论:从药物经济学角度看,聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林治疗CHC优于普通干扰素α-2a联合利巴韦林方案。     

BAG-1、p53在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其与含铂方案化疗敏感性的关系

目的检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）术后患者BAG-1、p53的表达,回顾分析其与患者临床特征及含铂方案化疗敏感性的关系,进一步探讨NSCLC的铂类耐药机制。方法应用免疫组织化学的方法检测125例NSCLC术后石蜡标本中BAG-1、p53的表达,随访后进行生存预后分析。结果BAG-1、p53在NSCLC组织中存在高表达（阳性率分别为64．8％和46．7％）;BAG-1阳性、p53阴性患者具有生存优势（P〈0．05）;BAG-1、p53表达阴性患者更能在含铂方案化疗后受益（P〈0．05）。结论BAG-1、p53与铂类药物化疗敏感性相关,可能成为新型的临床预后指标,有助于肿瘤个体化治疗方案的选择。     

开角型青光眼静态视野黄斑光阈值的改变

目的 观察开角型青光眼患者静态视野黄斑光阈值改变，探讨测定黄斑光阈值与青光眼早期视功能损害的关系。方法 采用Dicon全自动静态阈值视野计，分别对89例开角型青光眼(早期青光眼45例，中晚期青光眼44例)和正常人40名黄斑光阈值进行测定。结果 早期青光眼患者黄斑光阈值明显高于正常对照组，中晚期患者高于早期患者，3组数据差异有统计学意义。结论 测定黄斑光阈值对于青光眼早期视功能损害的评价有一定的临床意义。