Erythropoietin attenuates motor impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Neurologic sequelae remain a common and destructive problem in patients with acute kidney injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on motor impairments following bilateral renal ischemia (BRI) in two time points after reperfusion: short term (24 h) and long term (1 week). Male Wistar rats underwent BRI or sham surgery. EPO or saline administration was performed 30 min before surgery (1000 U/kg, i.p.). Explorative behaviors and motor function of the rats were evaluated by open field, rotarod, and wire grip tests. Plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were significantly enhanced in BRI rats 24 h after reperfusion. BRI group had only an increased level of BUN but not Cr 1 week after reperfusion. Impairment of balance function by BRI was not reversed by EPO 24 h after reperfusion, but counteracted 7 days after renal ischemia. Muscle strength had no significant differences between the groups. BRI group had a decrease in locomotor activity, and EPO could not reverse this reduction in both time points of the experiment. Although EPO could not be offered as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of motor dysfunctions induced by BRI, it could be effective against balance dysfunction 1 week after renal ischemia.     

Influence of coping and veneer thickness on the color of zirconia-based restorations on different implant abutment backgrounds

Statement of problem

The effects of coping and veneer thickness on the color of zirconia-based restorations are unknown.

Different effects of energy dependent irradiation of red and green lights on proliferation of human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells

Light-emitting diodes (LED) have recently been introduced as a potential factor for proliferation of various cell types in vitro. Nowadays, stem cells are widely used in regenerative medicine. Human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal (hUCM) cells can be more easily isolated and cultured than adult mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and green lights produced by LED on the proliferation of hUCM cells. hUCM cells were isolated from the umbilical cord, and light irradiation was applied at radiation energies of 0.318, 0.636, 0.954, 1.59, 3.18, 6.36, 9.54, and 12.72 J/cm². Irradiation of the hUCM cells shows a significant (p?<?0.05) increase in cell number as compared to controls after 40 h. In addition, cell proliferation on days 7, 14, and 21 in irradiated groups were significantly (p?<?0.001) higher than that in the non-irradiated groups. The present study clearly demonstrates the ability of red and green lights irradiation to promote proliferation of hUCM cells in vitro. The energy applied to the cells through LED irradiation is an effective factor with paradoxical alterations. Green light inserted a much profound effect at special dosages than red light.     

In vitro neurotoxic evaluation of root-end-filling materials

Root-end-filling materials have been tested for toxicity on several cell types, but their toxicity has not been tested on neurons. In this study we evaluated the neurotoxicity in murine cerebral cortical cell cultures of four commonly used root-end-filling materials: mineral trioxide aggregate, amalgam, Super EBA, and Diaket. Standardized amounts of each material were placed on culture-well inserts, allowing the material to be exposed to the culture bathing media without causing physical disruption of the cells. Cell death was quantified by assaying release of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Exposure of cortical cultures to freshly mixed or 7-day-old MTA did not cause significant neuronal death, whereas exposure to freshly mixed or 7-day-old amalgam, Super EBA, and Diaket resulted in significant neuronal death (p < .05). Thus, each material, except for mineral trioxide aggregate, can induce neurotoxicity, even when allowed to set thoroughly.     

Endodontic treatment with MTA apical plugs: a case report

Apexification with calcium hydroxide is associated with certain difficulties, such as the very long treatment time required, the possibility of tooth fracture, and incomplete calcification of the bridge. Use of an apical plug is an alternative treatment for open apices, and this has gained popularity in recent years, employing mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for optimal results. Here we report the successful treatment of two maxillary central incisors that had open apices and periapical lesions using MTA apical plugs after the root canals had been debrided and rinsed with 2.5% NaOCl. Calcium hydroxide paste was then placed in the canals for 1 week, before the apical portion of the canals (5 mm) was filled with the MTA plug. The remaining portion of the root canal was then sealed with a post and crown. After 6 months of follow-up, the clinical and radiographic appearance of the teeth showed a decrease of the periapical lesions. At 2 years, although the left post had been lost and the periapical lesion of the left central incisor had subsequently deteriorated, the right central incisor had healed successfully. Considering the importance of a coronal seal, the use of MTA for apical plugging appears to be a valid option.     

Effect of Root Canal Preparation Techniques on Crack Formation in Root Dentin

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of root crack formation caused by the use of manual instrumentation, 2 rotary systems, and 1 reciprocating system using light-emitting diode transillumination.

Endodontic treatment of a maxillary central incisor with three root canals

Abnormal morphology of the root canal may exist in any tooth, even a maxillary central incisor. In this paper we report endodontic treatment for a rare example of a maxillary central incisor with one root and three root canals.