Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography incremental value in a rare case of a bileaflet tricuspid valve

Detailed assessment of the tricuspid valve using two‐dimensional echocardiography is always challenging, as only two of three leaflets can be seen at a time. Three‐dimensional echocardiography can provide the enface view of the tricuspid valve that allows simultaneous visualization of all of the three leaflets. In a 42‐year‐old male patient scheduled for pulmonary endarterectomy, 3DTEE showed that the tricuspid valve is bileaflet, with one septal and another lateral leaflet. There were two commissures, one of them is anteriorly positioned and the other one is posterior. Our findings were confirmed intra‐operatively by direct surgical visualization of the tricuspid valve.     

Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin I and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) is a recurrent, immune‐mediated, hair‐loss disorder. It is associated with other autoimmune disorders that carry a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is a lack of reports on the association of cardiovascular comorbidities and AA. Cardiac troponin I is a biomarker of myocardial ischaemia and inflammation, while N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide is used in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure. This study was conducted to assess the serum level of both markers by ELISA in 44 patients with AA compared with 44 healthy controls (HCs). None of the participants had CVD, CVD risk factors or other diseases associated with elevation of either marker. The study revealed that serum levels of both markers were significantly higher in patients with AA compared with HCs (P < 0.001). The inflammatory milieu encountered in AA may be associated with subtle myocardial inflammation that causes elevation of levels of both of these cardiac markers.     

Recent Concepts in Bone Grafting and Banking

In recent years the need for an appropriate grafting material for orthognathic, orthopaedic, and reconstructive surgery has been constantly increasing. Autografts have been used but not without unacceptable risks, including donor site morbidity such as pneumothorax, and the unavailability of safely procured bone in children. Consequently, great efforts have been made to explore the potential of allografts and xenografts. At present, the surgeon is faced with a wide variety of bone grafting material from bone banks, besides autografts. None of these choices fulfills all the requirements of an ideal graft. This paper attempts to present the different aspects of bone grafting, as well as the available banked bone materials and their prospective uses.     

Multi-series DICOM: an Extension of DICOM That Stores a Whole Study in a Single Object

Today, most medical images are stored as a set of single-frame composite Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) objects that contain the four levels of the DICOM information model—patient, study, series, and instance. Although DICOM addresses most of the issues related to medical image archiving, it has some limitations. Replicating the header information with each DICOM object increases the study size and the parsing overhead. Multi-frame DICOM (MFD) was developed to address this, among other issues. The MFD combines all DICOM objects belonging to a series into a single DICOM object. Hence, the series-level attributes are normalized, and the amount of header data repetition is reduced. In this paper, multi-series DICOM (MSD) is introduced as a potential extension to the DICOM standard that allows faster parsing, transmission, and storage of studies. MSD extends the MFD de-duplication of series-level attributes to study-level attributes. A single DICOM object that stores the whole study is proposed. An efficient algorithm, called the one-pass de-duplication algorithm, was developed to find and eliminate the replicated data elements within the study. A group of experiments were done that evaluate MSD and the one-pass de-duplication algorithm performance. The experiments show that MSD significantly reduces the amount of data repetition and decreases the time required to read and parse DICOM studies. MSD is one possible solution that addresses the DICOM limitations regarding header information repetition.     

Therapeutic applications of dental pulp stem cells in regenerating dental,periodontal and oral-related structures

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have emerged as a promising tool with great potential for use in tissue regeneration and engineering. Some of the main advantages of these cells are their multifaceted differentiation capacity, along with their high proliferation rate, a relative simplicity of extraction and culture that enables obtaining patient-specific cell lines for their use in autologous cell therapy. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles related to the use of DPSCs in regeneration of dentin-pulp complex (DPC), periodontal tissues, salivary gland and craniomaxillofacial bone defects. Few studies were found regarding the use of DPSCs for regeneration of DPC. Scaffold-based combined with DPSCs isolated from healthy pulps was the strategy used for DPC regeneration. Studies involved subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds loaded with DPSCs pretreated with odontogenic media, or performed on human tooth root model as a root slice. Most of the studies were related to periodontal tissue regeneration which mainly utilized DPSCs/secretome. For periodontal tissues, DPSCs or their secretome were isolated from healthy or inflamed pulps and they were used either for preclinical or clinical studies. Regarding salivary gland regeneration, the submandibular gland was the only model used for the preclinical studies and DPSCs or their secretome were isolated only from healthy pulps and they were used in preclinical studies. Likewise, DPSCs have been studied for craniomaxillofacial bone defects in the form of mandibular, calvarial and craniofacial bone defects where DPSCs were isolated only from healthy pulps for preclinical and clinical studies. From the previous results, we can conclude that DPSCs is promising candidate for dental and oral tissue regeneration.     

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34);DEK-NUP214 shows a favourable outcome when performed in first complete remission

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with t(6;9)(p23;q34) is a poor-risk entity, commonly associated with FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication). Allogeneic stem-cell tranplantation (allo-SCT) is recommended, although studies analysing the outcome of allo-SCT in this setting are lacking. We selected 195 patients with t(6;9) AML, who received a first allo-SCT between 2000 and 2016 from the EBMT (European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation) registry. Disease status at time of allo-SCT was the strongest independent prognostic factor, with a two-year leukaemia-free survival and relapse incidence of 57% and 19% in patients in CR1 (first complete remission), 34% and 33% in CR2 (second complete remission), and 24% and 49% in patients not in remission, respectively (P < 0·001). This study, which represents the largest one available in t(6;9) AML, supports the recommendation to submit these patients to allo-SCT in CR1.     

Correction to: Association of rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies with pulmonary function test abnormalities in a rheumatoid arthritis registry

Clinical Rheumatology - The publisher regrets that the two sections under the Results omitted inadvertently on the original published version of the above article.