铁皮石斛试管苗快速繁殖的研究

兰科植物铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lind1.)的茎为常用名贵中药。多年来,主要依靠采收野生品种供药用和出口,致使野生资源枯竭,现已成为日益稀少的濒危植物。兰属种子和石斛属种子试管繁殖已积累不少资料,但是有关铁皮石斛种子试管繁殖的研究只有少量简单的报道,对其种子在试管繁殖过程中,所需外界条件的研究也不够     

Expression of IL-1Rrp2 by human myelomonocytic cells is unique to DCs and facilitates DC maturation by IL-1F8 and IL-1F9

We report for the first time that expression of the novel IL-1 cytokine receptor IL-1Rrp2 (IL-1R6) is unique to DCs within the human myelomonocytic lineage. IL-1Rrp2 was expressed by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) which was dose-dependently increased by IL-4 and correlated with increased numbers of differentiated MDDCs. Human plasmacytoid DCs also express IL-1Rrp2 but the receptor is not expressed by either myeloid DC type 1 (mDC1) or mDC2 cells. We also show that IL-1F8 or IL-1F9 cytokines, which signal through IL-1Rrp2, induce maturation of MDDCs, as measured by increased expression of HLA-DR and CD83 and decreased expression of CD1a. Furthermore, IL-1F8 stimulated increased CD40 and CD80 expression and IL-18 and IL-12 p70 production by MDDCs, which induced proliferation of IFN-γ-producing CD3(+) lymphocytes (indicative of inflammatory Th1 subsets). IL-1F8 and IL-1F2 were equipotent in their ability to stimulate IL-18 secretion from MDDCs but IL-1F8 was not as potent as IL-1F2 in stimulating secretion of IL-12p70 from MDDCs or inducing lymphocyte proliferation Therefore, IL-1Rrp2 expression by some DC subsets may have an important function in the human immune response in vivo via its role in differentiation of inflammatory Th1 lymphocytes.     

Mononuclear phagocyte system of human Peyer''s patches: an immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies.

Macrophages in sections of human terminal ileal Peyer's patches were studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Germinal centre macrophages were large and strongly positive for acid phosphatase and stained with antibodies RFD1, RFD9, UCHM1 and other macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies, but not RFD7. In the macrophages of the dome region there was heterogeneity of size and staining for acid phosphatase. The majority of the RFD1 positive cells in this region appeared to be macrophages. However, no RFD9- or RFD7-positive cells were present. By contrast, RFD7-positive but RFD9-negative macrophages were present in the lamina propria. In the interfollicular areas there were cells with a dendritic morphology which were strongly HLA-DR, HLA-DQ and RFD1-positive, but which did not stain with the other macrophage specific monoclonal antibodies or for acid phosphatase. Some macrophages and lymphocytes in the germinal centre and dome regions expressed interleukin 2 and transferrin receptors. These cells were not present in the adjacent lamina propria.     

Expansion of the clinical spectrum associated with AARS2‐related disorders

Biallelic pathogenic variants in AARS2, a gene encoding the mitochondrial alanyl‐tRNA synthetase, result in a spectrum of findings ranging from infantile cardiomyopathy to adult‐onset progressive leukoencephalopathy. In this article, we present three unrelated individuals with novel compound heterozygous pathogenic AARS2 variants underlying diverse clinical presentations. Patient 1 is a 51‐year‐old man with adult‐onset progressive cognitive, psychiatric, and motor decline and leukodystrophy. Patient 2 is a 34‐year‐old man with childhood‐onset progressive tremor followed by the development of polyneuropathy, ataxia, and mild cognitive and psychiatric decline without leukodystrophy on imaging. Patient 3 is a 57‐year‐old woman with childhood‐onset tremor and nystagmus which preceded dystonia, chorea, ataxia, depression, and cognitive decline marked by cerebellar atrophy and white matter disease. These cases expand the clinical heterogeneity of AARS2‐related disorders, given that the first and third case represent some of the oldest known survivors of this disease, the second is adult‐onset AARS2‐related neurological decline without leukodystrophy, and the third is biallelic AARS2‐related disorder involving a partial gene deletion.     

Case report: primary osteonecrosis associated with thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis and worsened by testosterone therapy

Background

Familial and acquired thrombophilia are often etiologic for idiopathic hip and jaw osteonecrosis (ON), and testosterone therapy (TT) can interact with thrombophilia, worsening ON.

Case presentation

Case 1: A 62-year-old Caucasian male (previous deep venous thrombosis), on warfarin 1 year for atrial fibrillation (AF), had non-specific right hip-abdominal pain for 2 years. CT scan revealed bilateral femoral head ON without collapse. Coagulation studies revealed Factor V Leiden (FVL) heterozygosity, 4G/4G plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) homozygosity, high anti-cardiolipin (ACLA) IgM antibodies, and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) T786C homozygosity (reduced conversion of L-arginine to NO, required for bone health). Apixaban 5 mg twice daily was substituted for warfarin; and L-arginine 9 g/day was started to increase NO. On Apixaban for 8 months, he became asymptomatic. Case 2: A 32-year-old hypogonadal Caucasian male had 10 years of unexplained tooth loss, progressing to primary jaw ON with cavitation 8 months after starting TT gel 50 mg/day. Coagulation studies revealed FVL heterozygosity, PAI 4G/4G homozygosity, and the lupus anticoagulant. TT was discontinued. Jaw pain was sharply reduced within 2 months.

Conclusions

Idiopathic ON, often caused by thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis, is worsened by TT, and its progression may be slowed or stopped by discontinuation of TT and, thereafter, anticoagulation. Recognition of thrombophilia-hypofibrinolysis before joint collapse facilitates anticoagulation which may stop ON, preserving joints.

     

白首乌化学成分的研究

自白首乌主要品种耳叶牛皮消(Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight)根中首次分得三个已知甾体酯型甙元:告达亭(caudatin),开德甙元(kidjolanin),萝藦甙元(Metaplexigenin)和一种新的二苯酮衍生物(Ⅳ),经光谱分析推定其结构为2,6,2′,5′-四羟基,3-乙酰基,6′-甲基二苯酮,命名白首乌二苯酮。     

白首乌化学成分的研究

自白首乌主要品种耳叶牛皮消(Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight)根中首次分得三个已知甾体酯型甙元:告达亭(caudatin),开德甙元(kidjolanin),萝藦甙元(Metaplexigenin)和一种新的二苯酮衍生物(Ⅳ),经光谱分析推定其结构为2,6,2′,5′-四羟基,3-乙酰基,6′-甲基二苯酮,命名白首乌二苯酮。     

去甲二氢愈创木酸的全合成

以香草醛为原料,经甲醚化,氧化和Claisen缩合,合成了相应的β 酮酸酯,再经改进的Knor反应,实现β-酮酸酯的偶联,通过环化、选择性氢化还原等反应,成功地合成了去甲二氢愈创木酸(nordihydroguaiaretic acid);呋喃愈创木酚二甲醚(furoguaiacin dimethyl ether)和二氢愈创木酸二甲醚(dihydroguaiaretic acid dimethyl ether)。