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81.
�������������Ũ�������ھ���Ӫ�����������������̽�� 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
目的探讨瘦素质量浓度与早期静脉营养及生长发育的关系。方法新疆医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科于2005-01—2006-02,将收治的86例早产适于胎龄儿用随机数字表法分为观察组(早期微量喂养同时辅助胃肠外营养组)45例和对照组(单纯早期微量喂养组)47例,分别测定脐血及第7天血清瘦素质量浓度,同时监测营养状况和生长发育指标,并作对比分析。结果(1)观察组与对照组脐血瘦素质量浓度分别为(4.6±3.7)ng/mL、(4.8±2.2)ng/mL,生后第7天两组瘦素质量浓度分别为(4.3±2.2)ng/mL、(3.1±1.7)ng/mL。对照组第7天血清瘦素质量浓度明显低于脐血(P<0.05),而观察组其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)脐血瘦素质量浓度与出生体重、胎龄成正相关(r=0.56、r=0.67)。(3)观察组第7天热卡及蛋白质摄入量、血清瘦素质量浓度、皮褶厚度变化值与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对早产儿应尽早喂养,同时需要胃肠外营养作为肠内营养的补充。瘦素可作为新生儿营养效果判定的实验室指标之一。 相似文献
82.
The clinicopathological associations of 33 singleton infants who died with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) without hyaline membrane disease (HMD) ('IVH only') were compared with those of 39 infants who died with IVH+HMD over the same gestation range in order to determine what factors other than those related to HMD may contribute to the pathogenesis of IVH. The incidence of 'IVH only' was inversely related to gestational age in the Hammersmith birth population, whereas the incidence of IVH+HMD rose to a peak at 28-29 weeks' gestation. Infants with 'IVH only' lived longer on average than those with IVH+HMD despite a lower birthweight and shorter gestation. Infants who died in the first 12 hours from 'IVH only' had suffered severe birth asphyxia but in those who died later the main symptom was recurrent apnoea. Fewer infants with asphyxia but in those who died later the main symptom was.recurrent apnoea. Fewer infants with 'IVH only' were given alkali therapy or were connected to the ventilator as compared to those with IVH+HMD, but there were no differences in alkali therapy in those who lived for 12 hours or more. In the 'IVH only' group there was a high incidence of haemorrhage from other sites and of bacterial infections. It is suggested that, in the absence of HMD, extreme immaturity is the main factor determining the occurrence of IVH. Birth asphyxia, apnoeic attacks, haemorrhage, and infections may play subsidiary roles, possibly through development of metabolic acidosis. 相似文献
83.
Sarah MacCarthy Michael Hoffmann Laura Ferguson Amy Nunn Risha Irvin David Bangsberg Sofia Gruskin Ines Dourado 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2015,18(1)
Introduction
This article seeks to identify where delays occur along the adult HIV care cascade (“the cascade”), to improve understanding of what constitutes “delay” at each stage of the cascade and how this can be measured across a range of settings and to inform service delivery efforts. Current metrics are reviewed, measures informed by global guidelines are suggested and areas for further clarification are underscored.Discussion
Questions remain on how best to evaluate late entry into each stage of the cascade. The delayed uptake of HIV testing may be more consistently measured once rapid CD4 testing is administered at the time of HIV testing. For late enrolment, preliminary research has begun to determine how different time intervals for linking to HIV care affect individual health. Regarding treatment, since 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS recommend treatment initiation when CD4 <500 cells/mm3; these guidelines provide a useful albeit evolving threshold to define late treatment initiation. Finally, WHO guidelines for high-, low- and middle-income countries also could be used to standardize measures for achieving viral suppression.Conclusions
There is no “one size fits all” model as the provision of services may differ based on a range of factors. Nonetheless, measures informed by global guidelines are needed to more consistently evaluate the scope of and factors associated with delays to each stage of the cascade. Doing so will help identify how practitioners can best deliver services and facilitate access to and continued engagement in care. 相似文献84.
85.
Autologous blood donors (ABDs) have been reported to have favorable attitudes toward returning as homologous blood donors (HBDs), but the frequency of return has not been well documented. ABDs eligible by history to be HBDs were followed at one blood center: 255 donating for elective surgery and 234 donating during pregnancy were followed for an average of 18 months and 20 months, respectively, from time of eligibility after surgery or postpartum. Male ABDs had a higher rate of return as HBDs, as 34 percent (21/62) returned to donate an average of 3 units, whereas 13 percent (56/427) of female ABDs returned as HBDs to donate an average of 2 units. Although a history of donation was associated with a higher rate of return (30%, 34/113), 11 percent (43/376) of ABDs with no history as HBDs returned to donate homologous units, despite having been recruited less frequently than prior HBDs. Overall, all male ABDs and female ABDs with an HBD history returned most frequently. The extra effort required for an autologous donor program may result in the recruitment of new donors into the HBD pool. 相似文献
86.
Tissue and lineage-specific variation in inactive X chromosome expression of the murine Smcx gene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To understand how gene expression patterns are established on the inactive
X chromosome during development, we have studied the murine gene Smcx,
which is expressed from both the active and inactive mouse X chromosomes.
In all tissues assayed, Smcx only partially escapes X inactivation, with
expression levels from the inactive X allele approximately 30-65% that of
the active X allele. Additionally, inactive X expression levels differed
between extraembryonic and embryonic tissues and among different tissues
from newborn and adult mice. Imprinted extraembryonic tissue had the lowest
levels of inactive X Smcx expression, whereas the highest levels were in
heart. These data suggest that the chromosomal basis of X inactivation
differs among tissues, perhaps reflecting differences in the timing or
regulation of inactivation in these cell lineages.
相似文献
87.
A group of girls is described with recurrent urinary tract infections characterized by predominantly lower tract symptoms. Clinical, laboratory, and radiography findings during the period of follow-up are presented. Infection persisted in most patients over several years. Response to medical and surgical treatment was unsatisfactory. The mean interval between the initial and most recent radiological study was 6 1/2 years. No case of renal parenchymal scarring was seen. 相似文献
88.
A model of corrective gene transfer in X-linked ichthyosis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Freiberg RA; Choate KA; Deng H; Alperin ES; Shapiro LJ; Khavari PA 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(6):927-933
Single gene recessive genetic skin disorders offer attractive prototypes
for the development of therapeutic cutaneous gene delivery. We have
utilized X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), characterized by loss of function of
the steroid sulfatase arylsulfatase C (STS), to develop a model of
corrective gene delivery to human skin in vivo. A new retroviral expression
vector was produced and utilized to effect STS gene transfer to primary
keratinocytes from XLI patients. Transduction was associated with
restoration of full-length STS protein expression as well as steroid
sulfatase enzymatic activity in proportion to the number of proviral
integrations in XLI cells. Transduced and uncorrected XLI keratinocytes,
along with normal controls, were then grafted onto immunodeficient mice to
regenerate full thickness human epidermis. Unmodified XLI keratinocytes
regenerated a hyperkeratotic epidermis lacking STS expression with
defective skin barrier function, effectively recapitulating the human
disease in vivo. Transduced XLI keratinocytes from the same patients,
however, regenerated epidermis histologically indistinguishable from that
formed by keratinocytes from patients with normal skin. Transduced XLI
epidermis demonstrated STS expression in vivo by immunostaining as well as
a normalization of histologic appearance at 5 weeks post-grafting. In
addition, transduced XLI epidermis demonstrated a return of barrier
function parameters to normal. These findings demonstrate corrective gene
delivery in human XLI patient skin tissue at both molecular and functional
levels and provide a model of human cutaneous gene therapy.
相似文献
89.
T S Brugha P E Bebbington B MacCarthy E Sturt T Wykes 《Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica》1992,86(1):5-11
A total of 130 people attending psychiatric hospitals within 6 months of onset or relapse of an episode of depressive disorder were interviewed about their symptoms and treatment at the time of their initial contact. After a mean 4-month interval, 119 were reassessed to test the hypothesis that patients treated with antidepressants would be significantly more likely to be clinically improved compared with those untreated. Severity and duration of the episode emerged as the only significant clinical predictors of clinical improvement. Patients on treatment with antidepressants at the start of the study showed a nonsignificant trend for a lesser degree of clinical improvement, even when clinical severity and compliance were taken into account. Those who were not commenced on treatment until later in the study also fared no better than those who were never prescribed antidepressants. The effect of low doses of antidepressants (almost always a tricyclic) appeared to be less beneficial than either higher doses or clinical management without antidepressant drugs. The need for further experimental and naturalistic studies conducted over various periods of time and the implications for clinical practice, medical audit and the appropriate use of health outcome indicators are discussed. 相似文献
90.
We report the successful long-term engraftment of normal male donor bone marrow (BM) transfused into noncytoablated female mice, challenging the assumption that "niches" need to be created for marrow to engraft. We have used chromosomal banding and Southern blot analysis to identify transplanted male marrow cells, and shown the long-term stability of the chimeric marrows. Balb/C, BDF1, or CBA-J female hosts (no irradiation) received for 5 consecutive days 40 x 10(6) male cells (per day) of the same strain, and repopulation patterns were observed. Parallel studies were performed using tibia/femur equivalents of normal marrow or marrow from Balb/C mice pretreated 6 days previously with 150 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Chromosome banding techniques showed that 5% to 46% of marrow cells were male 3 to 9 months posttransplant with normal donor marrow. Southern blot analysis, using the pY2 probe, showed continued engraftment at 21 to 25 months posttransplant, ranging from 15% to 42% male engrafted cells in marrow. Normal donor male marrow engrafted significantly better than 5-FU-pretreated male marrow as shown 1 to 12 months posttransplant in non-cytoablated female recipients. Percentages of male engrafted cells in BM ranged from 23% to 78% for recipients of normal donor marrow and from 0.1% to 39% for recipients of 5-FU marrow. Mean engraftment for 6 mice receiving normal marrow was 38%, whereas that for 6 mice receiving post-5-FU marrow was 8%, as assayed 1 to 3 months posttransplant. At 10 to 12 months, mean engraftment for the normal donor group was 46%, compared with 16% for the 5-FU group. The patterns of engraftment with normal and 5-FU marrow were similar for spleen and thymus. These results show that long-term chimerism can be established after transplantation of normal donor marrow to normal nonirradiated host mice and indicate that marrow spaces do not have to be created for successful engraftment. They suggest that transplanted marrow competes equally with host marrow for marrow space. Finally, these data show that post-5-FU Balb/C male marrow is markedly inferior in the repopulation of Balb/C female host marrow, spleen, and thymus, and suggest that this population of cells may not be the ideal population for gene transfer studies. 相似文献