Malignant melanoma: analysis of dose fractionation in radiation therapy

Thirty-five patients with 67 measureable cutaneous or lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma were treated with radiation therapy in a variety of total doses and dose fractions. There was no correlation between total dose and response rate. However, there was a strong correlation between fraction size and response rate. There were four (9%) complete responses in 43 lesions treated with fractions less than or equal to 500 rad (5 Gy) compared with 12 (50%) complete responses in 24 lesions treated with fractions greater than 500 rad (5 Gy) (P = .0006). Initial response rate was found to correlate strongly with local control at 1 year. The results were then analyzed with respect to lesion size, cutaneous versus nodal lesions, and site of cutaneous lesion (trunk, head and neck, or extremity). Correlation between fraction size and response rate was independent of lesion size, although there were fewer complete responses with increasing lesion size. Correlation was not seen in nodal lesions but was particularly striking in cutaneous lesions. This correlation was statistically significant only for cutaneous lesions of the extremities.     

The effect of cataract extraction with implant in glaucomatous eyes

The effect of cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma controlled by either topical medication or surgery was assessed in 64 patients. At one year there was a small significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) for eyes without previous surgery (preoperative IOP 18.9 ±4.7, range 12 to 35 mmHg; postoperative IOP 16.3 ±3.4, range 10 to 26 mmHg; P<0.01) and also for those with previous surgery (preoperative IOP 15.0 ±4.3, range 3 to 22 mmHg; postoperative IOP 14.2 ±3.7, range 6 to 22 mmHg, P<0.05). There was a significantly greater incidence of high rise in IOP to 30 mmHg or more immediately after operation in patients without (32%) than those with previous surgery (13%) ( x 2 = 3.9; P<0.05). Complications were minimal in each group. lridotomy to deliver the nucleus was necessary in nine eyes without and 21 with previous surgery. Cataract extraction usually causes only a small fall in IOP in glaucomatous patients. If a separate corneal section is used there is no loss of function of the filtering bleb in patients with previous glaucoma surgery.     

On duodenal stump leakage caused by adult human Taenia

To the editor： Shao Xinxin and colleagues recently described a case of duodenal stump leakage caused by Taenia saginata （T.saginata）. Apparently, they did not identify the discharged adult tapeworm recovered after the treatment neither morphologically nor molecularly. The authors concluded that the species responsible for the symptoms was T. saginata based on the fact that the patient mentioned that he had been infected by T. saginata two years ago.     

A STUDY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BURN INJURIES

A study was conducted of the epidemiological aspects of 500 fresh cases of burns during the period February to August 1989. Women in the reproductive age group from the lower socioeconomic strata were the most frequently victims (52.8%). Four hundred and thirteen (82.5%) patients sustained accidental burns, 62 (12.4%) were suicidal and 25 (5%) homicidal. Majority (72%) of the accidents occurred as a consequence of garments catching fire. Though most of the subjects wore cotton garments, mortality was higher among those wearing synthetic fabric. Low socioeconomic conditions, overcrowding in the house, floor-level cooking, unsafe cooking appliances and the prevalent clothing pattern stand out prominently as risk factors for burn injury.KEY WORDS: Burns, Epidemiology, Risk factors     

Function and Conformation of Wild-Type p53 Protein Are Influenced by Mutations in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Induced B-Cell Lymphosarcoma

The mutations of the p53 gene previously represented one of several genetic changes involved in the development of bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-induced lymphosarcoma, while the effects of these mutations on the function of p53 are unknown. We identified four mutations of p53 gene in BLV-infected cattle with lymphosarcoma and demonstrated clearly the existence of two functionally distinct groups of mutants: (i) the mutant forms with substitutions at codons 241 and 242, which were mapped within an evolutionally conserved region and corresponded to the human "hot-spot" mutations, had completely lost the capacities for transactivation and growth suppression and gained transdominant repression activity in p53-null SAOS-2 cells; and (ii) the mutations at codons 206 and 207 were located outside the evolutionally conserved regions. These mutants partially retained the capacity for transactivation and growth suppression and failed to inhibit the transactivation activity of coexpressed wild-type p53, instead showing an enhancement of this activity. In addition, protein analysis using an antibody specific for the mutant form revealed that the mutations at codons 206 and 242 induced a "mutant" conformation of the bovine p53 proteins. Collectively, these results show that mutations of p53 gene in BLV-infected cattle with lymphosarcoma can potentially alter its physiological function and may play an important role in BLV-induced leukemogenesis. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.