Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.     

Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China

The following document is a translation of the first national mental health law of the People''s Republic of China, which was adopted by the National People''s Congress on October 26, 2012. The original Chinese version of the law is available at the official government website: http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2012-10/26/content_2252122.htm. The translation was completed by a team of translators at the Shanghai Mental Health Center at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The translators have added footnotes at the end of the document that explain their choices in sections where alternative translations are possible and that provide background information for sections that may be confusing to readers unfamiliar with China. This translation should be cited as follows:ChenHH, Phillips MR, Cheng H, Chen QQ, Chen XD, Fralick D, Zhang YE, Liu M, Huang J, Bueber M. Mental Health Law of the People''s Republic of China (English translation with annotations). Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry. 2012; 24(6):305-321. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2012.06.001Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry     

冠状动脉斑块与心肌缺血

目的采用心脏MR(CMR)前瞻性研究冠状动脉斑块对心肌缺血的预测价值。方法 52例行冠状动脉造影(CA)后评定为可疑冠心病(CAD)的病人进行了CMR和     

高时-空分辨力门控螺旋相位对比MR成像评价先天性心脏病快速血流

目的探讨敏感性编码技术(SENSE)前瞻性门控螺旋相位对比MR检查序列在儿童与成人先天性心脏病检查的可行性。材料与方法当地伦理委员会批准该项研究,所有     

Active surveillance is superior to radical nephrectomy and equivalent to partial nephrectomy for preserving renal function in patients with small renal masses: Results from the DISSRM registry

Purpose

We compared renal function outcomes among patients in the surveillance and intervention arms of the DISSRM registry.

磁共振相位对比电影对蛛网膜囊肿与蛛网膜下腔扩大的鉴别诊断

目的：应用磁共振相位对比法,揭示脑与脑脊液运动的相互关系,以评价此方法对鉴别蛛网膜囊肿与蛛网膜下腔扩大的诊断价值。材料与方法：运用磁共振相位对比电影和流动分析软件,对１０例健康人脑与脑脊液运动规律相关性进行研究和１０例影像学疑蛛网膜囊肿或蛛网膜下腔扩大患者的脑脊液运动进行最化分析,绘出一个心动周期不同时相脑脊液流量贡线和时间、信号强度曲线,并进行分析比较。结果：脑脊液流动是由脑运动驱动引起,而脑运     

In vitro evidence for both the nucleus and cytoplasm as subcellular sites of pathogenesis in Huntington's disease

A unifying feature of the CAG expansion diseases is the formation of intracellular aggregates composed of the mutant polyglutamine-expanded protein. Despite the presence of aggregates in affected patients, the precise relationship between aggregates and disease pathogenesis is unresolved. Results from in vivo and in vitro studies of mutant huntingtin have lead to the hypothesis that nuclear localization of aggregates is critical for the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). We tested this hypothesis using a 293T cell culture model system that compared the frequency and toxicity of cytoplasmic and nuclear huntingtin aggregates. We first assessed the mode of nuclear transport of N-terminal fragments of huntingtin, and show that the predicted endogenous NLS is not functional, providing data in support of passive nuclear transport. This result suggests that proteolysis is a necessary step for nuclear entry of huntingtin. Additionally, insertion of nuclear import or export sequences into huntingtin fragments containing 548 or 151 amino acids was used to reverse the normal localization of these proteins. Changing the subcellular localization of the fragments did not influence their total aggregate frequency. There were also no significant differences in toxicity associated with the presence of nuclear compared with cytoplasmic aggregates. The findings of nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates in affected brains, together with these in vitro data, support the nucleus and cytosol as subcellular sites for pathogenesis in HD.      

Steroid phobia on social media platforms

Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are the most commonly prescribed treatment for children with atopic dermatitis and are supported by the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) atopic dermatitis treatment guidelines with level I strength A evidence; however, fear regarding their use, coined “steroid phobia,” is widespread. In this study, we analyzed steroid phobia-related content on popular social media platforms. We found much of this content consists of patients describing negative personal experiences with TCS and subsequently discouraging viewer use. We conclude that social media may contribute to steroid phobia, and we hope that our study motivates dermatologists with social media platforms to combat common misconceptions surrounding TCS use.