脑室注射N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸对小鼠学习记忆的影响

采用一次性被动回避性条件反射方法,给小鼠icv N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸(NMDA)10,1和0.1 ng。结果表明:对正常小鼠,在跳台法中NMDA 10 ng能明显增强记忆巩固过程,在避暗法中NMDA 1 ng能显著增强记忆再现过程;在两种方法中,NMDA 1 ng均能显著改善乙醇及亚硝酸钠所致记忆障碍;而NMDA对记忆获得过程无影响。进一步研究表明,NMDA改善记忆的作用可被其受体特异性拮抗剂AP5所拮抗。结合以前报道和电生理研究结果提示,谷氨酸受体NMDA亚型在记忆过程中起着重要的作用,脑室给药作用的环节主要是影响记忆巩固和再现过程。     

甾体不对称合成的研究——ⅩⅥ.dl-3-氧杂-A-失碳甾体化合物的合成

在探索新的更有效的避孕药研究中,我们设计了两个新化合物,A-失碳-△~(3(5),9(10))-二烯甾体1a和1b作为合成研究的目标分子。前文已报道1a的中间体,消旋和( )-2,18-二甲基-A-失碳-3-氧杂-1,5(10),9(11)-雌甾三烯-17-酮的合成。本文报道1b的中间体dl-2-甲基-A-失碳-3-氧杂-1,5(10),9(11)-雌甾三烯-17-酮(8)的合成(图式1)。     

海州香薷与石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

采用石英毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用法,比较了海州香蕉(Elsholtzia splendensNakai ex F.Maekawa)与石香蕉的栽培品江香薷(Mosla chinensis Maxim.)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定了93个组分中的68个化合物。自海州香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香薷酮(elsholtzia ketone)(80.81％)、反式-石竹烯(trans-caryophyllene)(2.14％)、葎草烯(humulene)(1.45％)、芳樟醇(linalool)(0.72％)等为主的43个成分,占挥发油总量的％.61％。自石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香荆芥酚(carvacrol)(51.11％)、百里香酚(thymol)(22.00％)、对-聚伞花素(p-cymene)(5.58％)、γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)(2.57％)等为主的50个成分,占挥发油总量的93.91％。     

海州香薷与石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析比较

采用石英毛细管气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用法,比较了海州香蕉(Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F.Maekawa)与石香蕉的栽培品江香薷(Mosla chinensis Maxim.)药材挥发油中的化学成分,初步鉴定了93个组分中的68个化合物。自海州香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香薷酮(elsholtzia ketone)(80.81%)、反式-石竹烯(trans-caryophyllene)(2.14%)、葎草烯(humulene)(1.45%)、芳樟醇(linalool)(0.72%)等为主的43个成分,占挥发油总量的%.61%。自石香薷的栽培品江香薷挥发油中分离并鉴定了以香荆芥酚(carvacrol)(51.11%)、百里香酚(thymol)(22.00%)、对-聚伞花素(p-cymene)(5.58%)、γ-松油烯(γ-terpinene)(2.57%)等为主的50个成分,占挥发油总量的93.91%。     

3种疗法对人卵巢癌细胞的联合应用实验研究

为了观察低剂量率放疗、热疗和顺铂联合应用对人卵巢癌细胞的疗效,对１ 对人卵巢癌细胞系Ａ２７８０Ｓ（ 对辐射和顺铂敏感）和Ａ２７８０ＣＰ（抗辐射和顺铂） ,采用低剂量率（０．８８ｃＧｙ／ｍｉｎ） 放疗、热疗（４０ ℃）和顺铂（０ ．５～３．０ μｇ／ｍｌ）同时处理,观察３者联合应用的效果。结果Ａ２７８０ＣＰ对放疗和对顺铂均有较强的抵抗力,细胞存活率为６ ．０％ （１０ Ｇｙ） 和４５．０ ％（１．０ μｇ／ｍｌ,８ ｈ） ,但对热疗则比Ａ２７８０Ｓ稍敏感。如果３ 种处理方法同时应用,结果显示为很明显的协同作用。这一效果在Ａ２７８０ＣＰ更为明显,Ａ２７８０ＣＰ的存活率为３．８ ％（８ Ｇｙ,４０ ℃,１．０ μｇ／ｍｌ） 。结果显示,热疗、顺铂和低剂量率放疗３ 者联合应用有很好的临床应用前景,值得进一步深入研究。     

Relationship between biomarkers and subsequent clinical and angiographic restenosis after paclitaxel-eluting stents for treatment of STEMI: a HORIZONS-AMI substudy

Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether the use of biomarkers might be of utility to identify patients who remain at risk for DES ISR after primary PCI has never been examined. A total of 26 biomarkers were measured at enrollment and 30 days and analyzed at a central core laboratory in 501 STEMI patients from the HORIZONS-AMI trial. All patients underwent primary PCI with the TAXUS paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES), were scheduled for routine angiographic follow-up at 13 months, and were followed for 3 years. Mean in-stent late-loss was 0.28 ± 0.57 mm, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 3 years occurred in 9.1 % of patients. Low levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and placental growth factor (PLGF) at admission were associated with both higher in-stent late loss and ischemia-driven TLR. Additionally, low admission levels of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) were associated with higher rates of ischemia-driven TLR. At 30-day follow-up lower values of IL-1ra (IL-1ra), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and a decline relative to admission in IL-1ra, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and MMP9 were associated with higher in-stent late loss. Low values of IL-6 at 30 days were also associated with ischemia-driven TLR. After multivariate adjustment, only MPO at 30 days and a decline of MCP-1 between admission and 30 days were associated with in-stent late loss, and only CT-1 was associated with TLR. MPO at 30 days and a decline of MCP-1 between admission and 30 days were independently associated with in-stent late loss, and CT-1 was associated with TLR. Additional studies to confirm and validate the utility of these biomarkers are warranted.     

Developing best practice for fungal specimen management: audit of UK microbiology laboratories

This study represents an audit of microbiology laboratories in the UK to ascertain whether they are aware of, or follow, the Health Protection Agency (HPA) National Standard Methods Standard Operating Procedure (NSM SOP) for the investigation of dermatological specimens for superficial mycoses, or use a locally adapted version. A questionnaire audit was distributed to 179 NHS microbiology laboratories throughout England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The NSM SOP was followed by 92% of laboratories for the microscopy of dermatological samples; light microscopy/ KOH digestion was used by 63% and fluorescence microscopy/KOH digestion by 29% of laboratories. Preliminary reports post-microscopy were issued by 98% of laboratories, with 93% issuing reports within 48 hours. Adherence to the NSM SOP guidelines for culture was low; only 34% of laboratories incubated microscopy-negative specimens for the recommended 14 days, while approximately 60% incubated microscopy-positive specimens for 21 days. The culture medium recommended by the NSM SOP was used in 82% of laboratories. Comments were added to culture reports by 51% of laboratories; most were added manually and comments varied between laboratories. Nail samples were the most common sample received from primary care, followed by skin and hair. These results show no significant difference in the rate of microscopy positives versus culture positives. Microscopy and culture are the easiest and cheapest methods available to UK laboratories for the investigation of suspected superficial fungal infections. Although most laboratories included in this audit claimed to follow the NSM SOP for microscopy and culture, these results show that the techniques used vary throughout the UK. To maximise the service provided to primary care, UK laboratories should use standardise methods based on the NSM SOP.     

Effect of calcitonin in early and late stages of experimentally induced osteoarthritis. A histomorphometric study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate both prophylactic and therapeutic roles of salmon calcitonin on the articular cartilage of rabbit's knees. METHODS: Right knee instability was produced in 30 New Zealand white rabbits by sectioning the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). Animals were separated into four groups: placebo prophylactic-stage group (n=6), killed 8 weeks post surgery, calcitonin prophylactic-stage group (n=6), treated immediately after surgery with salmon calcitonin and killed at 8 weeks, placebo therapeutic-stage group (n=9) killed at 16 weeks post surgery and calcitonin therapeutic-stage group (n=9), treated with salmon calcitonin from 8th to 16th week and killed at 16 weeks post surgery. A histomorphometric study was based on the morphological changes of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (degeneration indexes), as well as the articular cartilage thickness, chondrocytes' arrangement and their metabolic activity (regeneration indexes). RESULTS: Calcitonin groups showed smoother articular surface, no or minimal signs of ulceration, smaller osteophytes, and less subchondral cystic formation than placebo groups. Normal distribution of chondrocytes or hypercellularity was noticed in areas of mild osteoarthritic (OA) changes in the calcitonin groups indicating regeneration activity. Periodic Acid Schiff's and Alcian blue staining were negative in the placebo groups while increased absorption in the calcitonin groups revealed high anabolic activity. CONCLUSIONS: In prophylactic stages salmon calcitonin seemed to inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis by increasing the layers of hyaline cartilage, restoring the cellular metabolism, and decreasing the volume of osteophytes. In therapeutic stages, the hormone had a healing effect by decreasing the subchondral cysts, regenerating the hyaline cartilage and restoring cellular metabolism. Both macroscopic and histological findings of this study supported the biochemical results of previous studies showing the therapeutic effect of calcitonin on osteoarthritis.