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991.
992.
In many organisms completion of the first meiotic cell division depends on the correct assembly and disassembly of the synaptonemal
complex (SC). This is a structure discovered a little over 50 years ago, which is formed by the close association of axes
of homologous sister chromatid pairs. Its structure varies between organisms, although it retains a common tripartite organization
in species as evolutionarily distant as budding yeast and humans. In mammals it is essential for crossover formation and completion
of meiosis. Components of the mammalian SC have been identified only in the last 15 years, and mouse genetic approaches have
started revealing the importance for this structure only in the past 5 years. Here we discuss the progress that has been made
in the field of the mammalian SC and what approaches could be considered for its further study. 相似文献
993.
Streptococcus sanguis surface antigens and their interactions with saliva. 总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Saliva-binding molecules of Streptococcus sanguis and their receptors were investigated. Streptococcal cell surfaces were extracted with a barbital buffer and examined immunochemically. Strains G9B and Blackburn, which adhere specifically to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite via immunologically related adhesins, possess 80-, 62-, and 52-kilodalton (kDa), and 52-, 42-, and 29-kDa polypeptides, respectively, which correlate with adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. Nonadherent strains Adh- and M-5 lack these antigens. In an immunoblot overlay, the putative adhesins bound to a 73-kDa receptor present in submandibular saliva but not in parotid saliva. G9B also contains a 160-kDa surface protein which bound to an unidentified receptor in both submandibular and parotid saliva samples. Blackburn barbital-extracted components bound to 78- and 70-kDa receptors in parotid saliva. These bacterial-salivary interactions may be important in the regulation of oral ecology. 相似文献
994.
Luca Antiga Marina Piccinelli Lorenzo Botti Bogdan Ene-Iordache Andrea Remuzzi David A. Steinman 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》2008,46(11):1097-1112
We present a modeling framework designed for patient-specific computational hemodynamics to be performed in the context of
large-scale studies. The framework takes advantage of the integration of image processing, geometric analysis and mesh generation
techniques, with an accent on full automation and high-level interaction. Image segmentation is performed using implicit deformable
models taking advantage of a novel approach for selective initialization of vascular branches, as well as of a strategy for
the segmentation of small vessels. A robust definition of centerlines provides objective geometric criteria for the automation
of surface editing and mesh generation. The framework is available as part of an open-source effort, the Vascular Modeling
Toolkit, a first step towards the sharing of tools and data which will be necessary for computational hemodynamics to play
a role in evidence-based medicine. 相似文献
995.
Embryo transfer (ET) is the last stage of extracorporal fertilization during which the embryo is placed in the uterine cavity with a medium-filled catheter 2–3 days after in vitro fertilization. While fertilization in the laboratory occurs at very high rates (>:90%), the overall success of the procedure (i.e., take home baby) is still very low (<25%) and assumed to be mainly due to implantation failure. A computational model was developed to simulate ET within the uterine cavity by a fluid-filled catheter inserted into a two-dimensional channel with oscillating walls. The results showed that the speed at which the embryos are injected from the catheter dominates the procedure and controls the velocity of their transport within the uterine cavity. ET at excessively high injection speeds may lead to ectopic pregnancies, while uterine peristalsis affects transverse dispersion only during injection at low injection speeds. The presence of the catheter within the uterus does not affect flow patterns downstream of its tip. The potential risks to implantation failure due to mechanical factors involved in the ET processes are discussed. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
PAC2003: 8719-j, 8710+e 相似文献
996.
Materials are distributed throughout the body of mammals by fractal networks of branching tubes. Based on the scaling laws of the fractal structure, the vascular tree is reduced to an equivalent one-dimensional, tube model. A dispersion–convection partial differential equation with constant coefficients describes the heterogeneous concentration profile of an intravascular tracer in the vascular tree. A simple model for the mammalian circulatory system is built in entirely physiological terms consisting of a ring shaped, one-dimensional tube which corresponds to the arterial, venular, and pulmonary trees, successively. The model incorporates the blood flow heterogeneity of the mammalian circulatory system. Model predictions are fitted to published concentration-time data of indocyanine green injected in humans and dogs. Close agreement was found with parameter values within the expected physiological range. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society.
PAC2003: 8710+e, 8719Hh, 8719Uv 相似文献
997.
Robson C. Gutierre Mizue I. Egami Marta M. Antoniazzi Carlos Jared 《Comparative clinical pathology》2008,17(4):221-228
The caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) constitute one of the least known groups of terrestrial vertebrates because most species
live underground in quite inaccessible environments. Siphonops annulatus is an exclusively fossorial species and is the most extensively distributed caecilian in South America. Little is known of
this order concerning circulating granulocytes, including their morphological and cytochemical structure and ultrastructure.
This paper is part of a project covering the study of granulocytes in representative species of the order Amphibia. Blood
extensions were carried out and submitted to Leishman, Toluidine Blue, Periodic acid Schiff, Sirius Red and hydrogen o-toluidine peroxide methods. Part of the samples was prepared for conventional transmission electron microscopy. Among granular
leukocytes, mature and immature neutrophils and eosinophils were identified, plus basophils. The most frequent granulocyte
encountered in S. annulatus peripheral blood is the neutrophil. This is a cell with a hyper-segmented nucleus and with a very clear cytoplasm when compared
to the eosinophil, which presents large cytoplasmic acidophilic granules. On the other hand, the basophils present basophilic
and metachromatic granules. Glycogen was detected in the cytoplasm of the neutrophils and eosinophils, while basic protein
rich in amino acids was observed in the eosinophil’s granules. Myeloperoxidase activity was detected in the cytoplasm of the
neutrophils and eosinophils. Neutrophils were ultrastructurally detected with three types of small granules: eosinophils with
large and small spherical granules and basophils with large spherical granules with lamellate structures. 相似文献
998.
David P. Bazett-Jones Ren Li Eden Fussner Rosa Nisman Hesam Dehghani 《Chromosome research》2008,16(3):397-412
Electron microscopy has been the ‘gold standard’ of spatial resolution for studying the structure of the cell nucleus. Electron
spectroscopic imaging (ESI) offers advantages over conventional transmission electron microscopy by eliminating the need for
heavy-atom contrast agents. ESI also provides mass-dependent and element-specific information at high resolution, permitting
the distinguishing of structures that are primarily composed of protein, DNA, or RNA. The technique can be applied to understand
the structural consequences of epigenetic modifications, such as modified histones, on chromatin fiber morphology. ESI can
also be applied to elucidate the multifunctional behavior of subnuclear ‘organelles’ such as the nucleolus and promyelocytic
leukemia nuclear bodies.
The authors dedicate this paper to the memory of Ying Ren (1961–2007). We all benefited from knowing her. Our research advanced
through the technical creativity she provided. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Pierre Decoufl Catherine C. Murphy Carolyn D. Drews Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp 《American journal of industrial medicine》1993,24(5):567-586
We conducted a case-control study to examine relationships between potential risk factors in women's prenatal occupational histories and subsequent mental retardation in their 10-year-old children. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient less than 71) were identified from special education records maintained by the public school systems in the metropolitan Atlanta area and from records of various medical and social service agencies serving children with special needs. Control children were chosen from the rosters of 10-year-olds who were enrolled in regular education classes in the local public school systems. To obtain occupational histories, sociodemographic data, and other information, we interviewed 352 natural mothers (67%) of 525 case children and 408 natural mothers (64%) of 636 control children. We computed odds ratios for each of 25 selected occupation, industry, and agent categories controlling for maternal education, birth order, and race. Most comparisons yielded odds ratios that were not indicative of unusual risks, but we did find lower than expected risks among children of teachers and health-care professionals. We also found a strong, positive association between mental retardation and maternal employment in the textile and apparel industries. The findings are useful for planning the direction of future studies of childhood cognitive ability to focus on specific parental occupations or industries. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. 相似文献