高温致厚朴SFE-CO2萃取物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚降解

目的了解影响厚朴中有效成分厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的不稳定因素。方法用HPLC法测定在不同实验条件下,厚朴SFE-CO₂萃取物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量;用加速实验测定有效期。结果厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的有效期(25℃)分别为387 d和476 d。结论温度是影响厚朴酚、和厚朴酚有效期的最主要因素, 降解符合一级速度反应。     

Papulolinear Collagenoma with Arborizing Arrangement: Report of a Case

Abstract:  Connective tissue nevi of collagen type are now classified in four major subtypes. In addition to the clinicopathological features of papulolinear collagenoma, which is considered as a variant of isolated collagen harmatoma, the case we present has a unique arborizing pattern.     

兔腰椎间盘内显微注射方法的相关问题及其解剖学特点

目的：测量兔腰椎间盘解剖学数据，并探讨兔腰椎间盘内显微注射方法中的相关问题。方法：实验于2004-10在中山大学附属第二医院完成。实验动物选择三四月龄的新西兰大白兔10只，麻醉后空气栓塞法处死，取出腰椎间盘观察其解剖结构。并测量椎间盘纤维环前后径长度，测量前部纤维环前后径长度，测量椎间盘前正中点到髓核中心点的长度。取同样10只白兔，麻醉后，右侧卧位，沿左侧12肋末向下至髂嵴做纵切口，切开胸腰筋膜后层，在骶棘肌和腰方肌的外缘与胸腰筋膜前层间钝性分离。推开腰椎间盘前方筋膜和前纵韧带，以椎体前方的纵性骨棘为标志从腰椎间盘前方中心点处垂直进针，以微量注射器注入25μL黑色墨水作为标记。体会显露椎体和椎间盘的入路和手术方式，观察侧方手术入路能否良好显露腰椎间盘，能否较好的完成椎间盘内注射。观察椎间盘内注射的入针点，进针长度，进针角度，注射剂量，注入结果。小心取出注射入墨水的兔脊柱（包含L1～L7范围），共计70个，迅速置入-20℃低温冷冻，2h后取出，微解冻后以尖刀从中间水平切开椎间盘，观察墨水注入髓核的情况。结果：20只动物实验过程中无死亡，全部进入结果分析。①解剖学观察：兔髂嵴短，平髂嵴最高点连线在俯卧位时经过L6棘突，可做为手术操作的体表标志。椎间盘为三明治结构，上下为软骨终板，与上下方椎体相连；由外向内依次为外层纤维环、内层纤维环、移行区、髓核。②手术入路：顺利显露出L3～L6椎间盘，显露操作时间平均为15min，共计70个椎间盘。⑧椎间盘内注射方法：选择在嵴状突起于椎间盘水平中线的交点即为进针点，保持进针深度3mm，注射最大液体量25μL。注射效果理想者64个，其中L3～L6椎间盘共计40个，注射效果良好者39个，成功率97．2％。结论：通过对兔腰椎间盘的部分解剖学数据，椎间盘纤维注射的注射方式、手术入路的选择，进针点、进针长度、进针角度的确定、注射液体量的观察及实践，证明以本方法进行腰椎间盘内微量注射操作规范，可取得理想效果。     

Reduction of cisplatin nephrotoxicity by procainamide: does the formation of a cisplatin-procainamide complex play a role?

Procainamide protects mice bearing P388 leukemic cells against the toxicity of cisplatin without diminishing antitumor activity. The mechanism of action of procainamide protection was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. HPLC studies showed that procainamide forms a complex with cisplatin in vitro that has a UV spectrum similar to that of DPR, a triamine platinum complex that contains procaine as ligand. We report here the effect of the reaction product of cisplatin and procainamide on both cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links (ISCLs) and on the total DNA platination of isolated DNA. Total DNA platination in vitro of isolated DNA was increased by 113% (P <.01) and 17% (P <.05) after incubation times of 1.75 and 6 h, respectively, compared with products from the reaction of cisplatin with water. Furthermore, the reaction product of cisplatin and procainamide was bound to DNA to a significantly greater extent than was cisplatin itself. ISCLs were decreased by 41% when this drug combination was incubated with DNA for 1.75 h, but no changes were observed after incubation for 6 h. We also examined the influence of the time interval between administration of cisplatin and procainamide on normal kidney injury, the renal distribution and urinary excretion of platinum, and the formation of cisplatin-DNA adducts in renal tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats after i.p. administration of 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin either with or without procainamide. The plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine and kidney histology demonstrated that procainamide provided effective protection in vivo in the rat when administered either simultaneously or at 0.5 and 1 h before or after cisplatin. The protection was accompanied by both higher renal levels of platinum and cisplatin-DNA adducts and by an increase in the formation of ISCLs. Moreover, a dose-dependent reduction of urinary excretion and concentration of platinum was also observed. We propose that procainamide, after accumulation in the kidney, may coordinate with cisplatin to form a less toxic DPR-like complex that renders rats less susceptible to cisplatin-induced toxicity.     

Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human adipose tissue: a role for TNF-alpha?

Elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plasma levels, responsible for reduced fibrinolysis, are associated with animal and human obesity and with increased cardiovascular disease. The expression of PAI-1 has been found recently in animal and human adipose tissue. Factors and mechanisms regulating such an expression remain to be elucidated. In omental and/or subcutaneous biopsies from obese non-diabetic patients, incubated in Medium 199, we have confirmed that human adipose tissue expresses PAI-1 protein and mRNA; furthermore we have demonstrated that such an expression is clearly evident also in collagenase isolated human adipocytes and that it is stimulated by incubation itself and enhanced by exogenous human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (h-TNF-alpha). Since human adipose tissue produces TNF-alpha, to further characterize the relationship of PAI-1 to TNF-alpha, human fat biopsies were also incubated with Pentoxifylline (PTX) or Genistein, both known to inhibit endogenous TNF-alpha through different mechanisms. PTX caused a dose-dependent decrease of basal PAI-1 protein release, reaching 80% maximal inhibitory effect at 10(-3)M, the same inhibitory effect caused by Genistein at 100 microg/ml. This was associated to a marked inhibition of PAI-1 mRNA and of endogenous TNF-alpha production. Furthermore, when human fat biopsies were incubated in the presence of polyclonal rabbit neutralizing anti-human TNF-alpha antibody (at a concentration able to inhibit 100 UI/ml human TNF-alpha activity), a modest but significant decrease of the incubation induced expression of PAI-1 mRNA was observed (19.8+/-19.0% decrease, P = 0.04, n = 7). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that PAI-I expression is present in human isolated adipocytes and that it is enhanced in human adipose tissue in vitro by exogenous TNF-alpha. Furthermore our data support the possibility of a main role of endogenous TNF-alpha on human adipose tissue PAI-1 expression. This cytokine, produced by human adipose tissue and causing insulin resistance, may be a link in the clinical relationship between insulin-resistance syndrome and increased PAI-1 plasma levels.     

Gender Differences in the Clinical Characteristics and Atrioventricular Nodal Conduction Properties in Patients With Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Gender Differences in Patients With AVNRT. Introduction: The detailed electrophysiological characteristics of the gender differences associated with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) have not been clarified. This study investigated the gender‐related electrophysiological differences in a large series of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation. Methods and Results: A total of 2,088 consecutive AVNRT patients (men/women 869/1,219) who underwent catheter ablation were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the gender differences in their electrophysiological characteristics. Women had a significantly younger age of onset, higher incidence of multiple jumps, shorter AH interval, atrial effective refractory period (ERP), anterograde fast pathway ERP, anterograde slow pathway ERP, and retrograde slow pathway ERP, and longer ventricular ERP than men. The incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation was lower in women than in men. Women needed less isoproterenol/atropine to induce AVNRT. No gender differences in the radiation exposure time, procedure time, complication rate, acute success rate, or second procedure rate were noted. Both typical and atypical AVNRT were more predominant in women. In the patients with atypical AVNRT, there was no significant gender difference in incidence of baseline ventriculoatrial dissociation; however, the retrograde slow pathway ERP was significantly shorter in women than in men. Women of premenopausal age (≤50 years old) had a significantly higher incidence of anterograde multiple jumps and a retrograde jump phenomenon, and a shorter anterograde slow pathway ERP and retrograde slow pathway ERP than those of women over 50 years old. Conclusion: Gender differences in the anterograde and retrograde AV nodal electrophysiology were noted in the patients with AVNRT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1114‐1119)     

The Novel Electrophysiology of Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms: Insight from Noncontact Unipolar Electrograms

Unipolar Characteristics of CFAEs. Background: The noncontact mapping (NCM) system possesses the merit of global endocardial recording for unipolar and activation mapping. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the unipolar electrogram characteristics and activation pattern over the bipolar complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) sites during atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: Twenty patients (age 55 ± 11 years old, 15 males) who underwent NCM and ablation of AF (paroxysmal/persistent = 13/7) were included. Both contact bipolar (32–300 Hz) and NCM virtual unipolar electrograms (0.5–300 Hz) were simultaneously recorded along with the activation pattern (total 223 sites, 11 ± 4 sites/patient). A CFAE was defined as a mean bipolar cycle length of ≤ 120 ms with an intervening isoelectric interval of more than 50 ms (Group 1A, n = 63, rapid repetitive CFAEs) or continuous fractionated activity (Group 1B, n = 59, continuous fractionated CFAEs), measured over a 7.2‐second duration. Group 2 consisted of those with a bipolar cycle length of more than 120 ms (n = 101). Results: The Group 1A CFAE sites exhibited a shorter unipolar electrogram cycle length (129 ± 11 vs 164 ± 20 ms, P < 0.001), and higher percentage of an S‐wave predominant pattern (QS or rS wave, 63 ± 13% vs 35 ± 13%, P < 0.001) than the Group 2 non‐CFAE sites. There was a linear correlation between the bipolar and unipolar cycle lengths (P < 0.001, R = 0.87). Most of the Group 1A CFAEs were located over arrhythmogenic pulmonary vein ostia or nonpulmonary vein ectopy with repetitive activations from those ectopies (62%) or the pivot points of the turning wavefronts (21%), whereas the Group 1B CFAEs exhibited a passive activation (44%) or slow conduction (31%). Conclusions: The bipolar repetitive and continuous fractionated CFAEs represented different activation patterns. The former was associated with an S wave predominant unipolar morphology which may represent an important focus for maintaining AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 640‐648, June 2010)     

Acute cellular rejection and Epstein–Barr virus‐related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a pediatric lung transplant with low viral load

F. Calabrese, M. Loy, F. Lunardi, D. Marino, S.M.L. Aversa, F. Rea. Acute cellular rejection and Epstein–Barr virus‐related post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a pediatric lung transplant with low viral load.
Transpl Infect Dis 2010: 12: 342–346. All rights reserved. Abstract: We report the case of an 18‐year‐old male who underwent bilateral lung transplantation for end‐stage cystic fibrosis. No Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) or cytomegalovirus serology mismatch was detected on pre‐transplant evaluation (donor and recipient were both positive). Two months after lung transplantation a computed tomography scan showed multiple nodules throughout both lungs. At that time a low EBV DNA blood level was detected (<300 copies/100,000 lymphomonocytes). Scheduled follow‐up transbronchial biopsy (TBB) revealed a prevalent finding characterized by perivascular lymphoid infiltrates with endothelitis. Extensive tissue coagulative necrosis with peripheral areas of dense aggregates of larger lymphoid cells were detected in the trans‐thoracic fine needle core biopsy (FNCB) performed on the largest nodule. The immunophenotypic profile characterized the perivascular lymphoid cells in TBB as mainly composed of T lymphocytes (CD3 positive) while the larger number of lymphocytes in FNCB as B cells (CD20 positive). In situ hybridization for EBV (EBER mRNA) was negative in TBB while it was positive in many lymphocytes of the FNCB. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for EBV was performed on paraffin‐embedded FNCB and detected a high quantity of EBV genomes (1260 copies/cell). IgH gene rearrangement using a fragment size PCR technique revealed a monoclonal B‐cell population in FNCB. Morphological and molecular findings suggest a final diagnosis of acute cellular rejection and a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) EBV‐related in a lung transplant recipient with a low EBV DNA blood level. A possible coexistence of PTLD and acute rejection should be considered both for diagnosis and treatment. EBV PCR in the peripheral blood is a useful screening tool in transplant recipients; however, rare cases with PTLD may not have detectable levels of EBV DNA. This aspect should be taken into consideration to avoid false negatives.