甲状旁腺腺瘤9例临床特点及延误诊断分析

目的 探讨甲状旁腺腺瘤患者的临床特点和延误诊断的原因。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2005年6月华中科技大学同济医学院协和医院收治的经手术确诊的9例甲状旁腺腺瘤患者的资料。结果 9例中男性4例，女性5例。误诊时间8个月至11年。9例患者均有骨骼系统临床表现，同时兼有泌尿系统、消化系统表现者各有7例和6例。所有患者均有低血磷和血碱性磷酸酶升高，8例有高血钙和高尿钙。7例患者血清甲状旁腺素（PTH）明显升高。^99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99mTc-MIBI）甲状旁腺显像是最佳定位检查。结论 完整的病史，细致的体检和实验室检查对于甲状旁腺腺瘤的诊断十分重要。     

Comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia between China and overseas

BackgroundTo explore the clinical manifestation, imaging examination, and serology of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) between China and overseas.MethodsNinety patients with COVID‐19 who admitted to Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital from January 23, 2020, to May 1, 2020, were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into domestic group and overseas group according to the origin regions. The clinical manifestations, imaging examination, serology, treatment, and prognosis between the two groups were compared and analyzed.ResultsThe clinical manifestations of patients in the two groups mainly included fever (83.1% and 47.4%), cough (62% and 31.6%), expectoration (47.9% and 31.6%), anorexia (28.2% and 47.4%), fatigue (21.1% and 10.5%), and dyspnea (22.5% and 0%). The main laboratory characteristics in the two groups were decreased lymphocyte count, increased lactate dehydrogenase, decreased oxygenation index, decreased white blood cell count, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and increased C‐reactive protein. The computed tomography (CT) examinations of chest showed bilateral and peripheral involvement, with multiple patch shadows and ground glass shadows. However, pleural effusions were rare.ConclusionFever, cough, and dyspnea are more common in domestic cases than overseas cases. However, patients with COVID‐19 from overseas may have the symptoms of loss of taste and smell that domestic cases do not have.     

重复超声引导下细针穿刺活检术诊断BethesdaⅠ/Ⅲ类甲状腺结节

目的 评价重复超声引导下细针穿刺活检术（US-FNAB）对于初次US-FNAB结果为BethesdaⅠ/Ⅲ类甲状腺结节的诊断价值。方法 81例患者经初次US-FNAB检出84个结节BethesdaⅠ/Ⅲ类,对其行重复US-FNAB,比较标本满意率、诊断明确率及诊断类别差异,并据以分为明确组（n=49）和不明确组（n=35）;根据手术及超声随访结果,排除1个无法明确判断结节后,将83个诊断明确结节又分为良性组（n=50）和恶性组（n=33）;比较各组结节大小、变化及超声征象等差异。结果 重复US-FNAB对80个结节（80/84,95.24%）取材满意,49个（49/84,58.33%）得出明确诊断;其对初次结果为BethesdaⅠ类与Ⅲ类结节的标本满意率、诊断明确率及诊断类别差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。明确组与不明确组间仅甲状腺影像报告和数据系统（TI-RADS）分类差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;良性组与恶性组结节回声、大小变化、纵横比、边界及TI-RADS分类差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 重复US-FNAB对明确诊断和临床管理BethesdaⅠ/Ⅲ类甲状腺结节具有重要价值;对纵横比>1、边界不清、回声低、大小变化及TI-RADS类别较高的结节应行重复US-FNAB。     

Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Onset Age With Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The Kailuan Study

OBJECTIVEWe aimed to explore the associations between type 2 diabetes onset age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the Chinese population.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis study included 101,080 participants free of prevalent diabetes and CVD at baseline from the Kailuan Study. All participants were monitored biennially until 31 December 2017. During follow-up, 11,384 participants were diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. For each case subject, one control subject was randomly selected, matched for age (± 1 years) and sex. The final analysis comprised 10,777 case-control pairs. Weighted Cox regression models were used to evaluate the average hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% CIs of incident CVD and all-cause mortality among patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes versus control subjects across age-groups.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 5.57 years, 1,794 incident events (907 CVD events, of which there were 725 strokes and 887 deaths) occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed at age <45 years had the highest relative risks of CVD and all-cause mortality relative to the matched control subjects, with AHRs of 3.21 (95% CI 1.18–8.72) for CVD, 2.99 (95% CI 1.01–9.17) for stroke, and 4.79 (95% CI 1.95–11.76) for all-cause mortality. The risks gradually attenuated with each decade increase in type 2 diabetes onset age.CONCLUSIONSThe relative risks of CVD and all-cause mortality differed across type 2 diabetes onset age-groups, and the associations were more evident in younger-onset type 2 diabetes.     

透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌的影像学表现

目的探讨透明细胞乳头状肾细胞癌(CCPRCC)的影像学表现。方法分析15例CCPRCC患者CT及MRI影像特征,采用独立样本t检验比较肿瘤与肾皮质之间平扫CT值、ADC值差异。结果15例均为单发,边界清晰,大小为(3.1±1.9)cm。13例为实性肿瘤,其中11例伴囊变,2例为囊性肿瘤。4例CT平扫呈等或稍低密度,4例呈稍高密度;6例密度不均匀,1例伴细条状钙化;8例CT值为(38.4±10.6)HU,与肾皮质比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。8例MRI平扫T1WI呈稍低或低信号,3例伴发结节状、灶状高信号;8例T2WI以混杂高信号为主,5例边缘见包膜;7例DWI呈稍高信号;9例肿瘤ADC值(2.22±0.30)×10-3 mm2/s高于肾皮质,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。增强扫描13例实性肿瘤中9例呈“快进快出”强化,4例呈持续或渐进性强化;2例囊性肿瘤增强扫描呈囊壁及中心分隔强化。结论CCPRCC好发于中老年人,肿瘤易发生囊变,出血、钙化少见,弥散受限不明显,增强扫描以“快进快出”强化为主,确诊仍需依靠组织病理学。     

急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折分型及其可信度检验和临床应用效果评价

目的建立急性症状性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折(ASOTLF)分型系统,并进行可信度检验及临床应用效果评价。方法采用回顾性病例系列研究分析2016年1月至2018年12月西安交通大学附属红会医院收治的1293例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折(OTLF)患者临床资料,其中男514例,女779例;年龄57~90岁[(71.4±6.3)岁]。骨密度T值为-5.0~-2.5 SD[(-3.1±-0.4)SD]。根据临床症状和骨折影像学特征,将ASOTLF分为4型:Ⅰ型(隐匿型)、Ⅱ型(压缩型)、Ⅲ型(爆裂型)和Ⅳ型(不稳定型),其中Ⅱ型分为ⅡA型、ⅡB型、ⅡC型3个亚型,Ⅲ型分为ⅢA型、ⅢB型2个亚型。其中Ⅰ型75例(5.8%),ⅡA型500例(38.7%),ⅡB型134例(10.4%),ⅡC型97例(7.5%),ⅢA型442例(34.2%),ⅢB型27例(2.1%),Ⅳ型18例(1.4%)。首先,对3名观察者共计3000次评估分型的可信度进行检测;其次,根据分型采用不同的治疗方法:Ⅰ型采用后路经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗,Ⅱ型采用体位复位+PVP治疗,ⅢA型、ⅢB型分别采用经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和后路切开复位减压植骨融合钉道强化内固定术治疗,Ⅳ型采用后路(减压)复位植骨融合钉道强化内固定术治疗。比较总体患者及各型患者术前、术后1个月及末次随访时观察视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、局部Cobb角及椎体后凸角(椎体角),并记录Framkel分级情况和并发症。结果患者均获随访24~43个月[(29.9±5.1)个月]。观察者间可信度平均总体κ值为0.83,观察者内可信度平均总体κ值为0.88。总体患者术前VAS、ODI分别为(5.8±0.7)分、72.5±6.6,术后1个月分别为(1.8±0.6)分和25.0±6.3,末次随访时分别为(1.5±0.6)分和19.5±6.2(P均<0.05)。总体患者术前Cobb角及椎体角分别为13(7,20)°和7(5,10)°,术后1个月分别为8(4,11)°和4(3,6)°,末次随访时分别为9(5,12)°和5(4,8)°(P均<0.05)。各分型末次随访时VAS、ODI、Cobb角及椎体角均较术前明显改善(P均<0.05)。1例Ⅳ型、5例ⅢB型患者出现脊髓压迫症状,术前Frankel分级为C级1例,D级5例,末次随访时均恢复为E级(P<0.05)。3例Ⅳ型、22例ⅢB型患者出现下肢放射痛、麻木等症状,给予椎管减压、椎体强化内固定术治疗后,末次随访时仅有3例患者存在浅感觉减退,其余患者均完全恢复。结论本研究提出了ASOTLF分型,其可信度较高。根据分型采用相应治疗方法均取得较为满意的临床疗效,说明该分型对于临床治疗方法选择具有一定的指导意义。     

钛植入物促骨整合及抗感染涂层的研究进展

钛及其合金具有稳定的化学性质和良好的人体亲和性,常被作为骨科植入材料,但未经处理的钛植入物易发生骨整合不良和植入物周围感染导致植入失败。近年来,人口老龄化加剧带动植入材料使用量增加,亟需性能更好的钛表面修饰方法以降低植入失败率。理想的骨科植入物应同时具备促成骨和抗菌特性,但目前大量表面改性策略只解决其中一种问题,导致植入物无法达到预期效果。因此,植入材料涂层需满足这两种特性或在两者间寻找平衡点。综述近几年来解决钛植入物无菌性松动或感染问题的最新策略,如表面形貌改善和生物分子涂层等促进成骨,抗菌药物负载和光热治疗等防治感染措施,并通过双因素整合和三因素整合进一步介绍了同时解决这两个问题的研究进展。     

基于CiteSpace的国内“互联网+护理”研究的可视化分析

目的:分析我国近10年“互联网+护理”领域的研究现状、研究热点及其前沿,为研究人员全面和客观把握该领域的研究态势提供参考。方法:检索中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近10年发表的“互联网+护理”相关文献,将纳入的文献题录应用CiteSpace软件对作者、研究机构、关键词进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入486篇相关文献,年发文量呈增长趋势,王莉和孙鸿燕是高产作者,常金良、黄淑波等组成最大的合作共同体,北华大学是高产机构,热点关键词为“互联网+”、延续护理、护理服务、健康教育、生活质量等,可形成7个聚类群,共出现社区居家与智慧养老、护理服务的开展形式、互联网与护理教学、互联网与慢性病健康管理4类研究热点。结论:“互联网+护理”相关研究处于起步阶段、呈递增趋势,核心作者群未形成,机构合作网络松散,研究内容集中不够全面,未来应加强作者间、机构间的交流合作,以聚类结果为研究依据,深化“互联网+护理”研究的横向与纵向发展。     

肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)的影像表现。方法:2014年7月—2020年10月收集我院25例肝脏NET的影像图像,分析影像特征。结果:肝脏NET增强扫描表现为快进慢出,G2期病灶大于3cm时中心多可见坏死,G3期均坏死明显。结论:肝NET有特异的影像特征。