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101.
102.
103.
Barriers to access to opioid medicines for patients with opioid dependence: a review of legislation and regulations in eleven central and eastern European countries
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104.
Emma M. Schatoff Benjamin I. Leach Lukas E. Dow 《Current colorectal cancer reports》2017,13(2):101-110
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical mediator of tissue homeostasis and repair, and frequently co-opted during tumor development. Almost all colorectal cancers (CRC) demonstrate hyperactivation of the WNT pathway, which in many cases is believed to be the initiating and driving event. In this short review, we provide a focused overview of recent developments in our understanding of the WNT pathway in CRC, describe new research tools that are enabling a deeper understanding of WNT biology, and outline ongoing efforts to target this pathway therapeutically. 相似文献
105.
J Geoffrey Chase Christopher G Pretty Leesa Pfeifer Geoffrey M Shaw Jean-Charles Preiser Aaron J Le Compte Jessica Lin Darren Hewett Katherine T Moorhead Thomas Desaive 《Critical care (London, England)》2010,14(4):R154
Introduction
Intensive care unit mortality is strongly associated with organ failure rate and severity. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score is used to evaluate the impact of a successful tight glycemic control (TGC) intervention (SPRINT) on organ failure, morbidity, and thus mortality. 相似文献106.
Eva Hamsikova Jana Smahelova Viera Ludvikova Martina Salakova Jana Rychla Jana Skrenkova Lukas Rob Ruth Tachezy 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2017,125(6):585-595
Currently, three prophylactic HPV vaccines are commercially available to prevent HPV 16/18 infection and associated lesions. The aim of the study was to assess markers of HPV infection in women/girls before vaccination and to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of post‐vaccination HPV types. Three hundred and thirty subjects of which 75 were virgins were enrolled. Before the first dose of the HPV vaccine and 1, 3 and 5 years after the completion of HPV vaccination, the samples for cytology, HPV detection and anti‐HPV antibody response were taken. At enrolment, HPV DNA was detected in 38% of sexually active girls/women. At the first, second and third follow‐up, HPV DNA was found in 40, 45, and 39% of them. The seroprevalence rates to HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 in these subjects were 31, 21, 18 and 10%. On the follow‐up significantly higher levels of antibodies to HPV 16/18 were found after application of divalent vaccine. Results of the study demonstrate high prevalence of HPV infection in young women. In a substantial number of women, HPV‐specific antibodies as well as high‐risk HPV types were detected. HPV‐specific antibodies were also frequently found in non‐sexually active girls. The acquisition of HPV after the onset of sexual life was very fast. 相似文献
107.
Jeffrey F. Ellena Binyong Liang Maciej Wiktor Alexander Stein David S. Cafiso Reinhard Jahn Lukas K. Tamm 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2009,106(48):20306-20311
The synaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin engages with syntaxin and SNAP-25 to form the SNARE complex, which drives membrane fusion in neuronal exocytosis. In the SNARE complex, the SNARE motif of synaptobrevin forms a 55-residue helix, but it has been assumed to be mostly unstructured in its prefusion form. NMR data for full-length synaptobrevin in dodecylphosphocholine micelles reveals two transient helical segments flanked by natively disordered regions and a third more stable helix. Transient helix I comprises the most N-terminal part of the SNARE motif, transient helix II extends the SNARE motif into the juxtamembrane region, and the more stable helix III is the transmembrane domain. These helices may have important consequences for SNARE complex folding and fusion: helix I likely forms a nucleation site, the C-terminal disordered SNARE motif may act as a folding arrest signal, and helix II likely couples SNARE complex folding and fusion. 相似文献
108.
Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
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A M Pfeifer K E Cole D T Smoot A Weston J D Groopman P G Shields J M Vignaud M Juillerat M M Lipsky B F Trump et al. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1993,90(11):5123-5127
Normal human liver tissue and cultured human hepatocytes are valuable models to study xenobiotic metabolism and toxicity, but they only have a limited in vitro life-span and are not readily available. This report describes the establishment of replicative cultures of human adult liver epithelial cells in serum-free medium. The longevity of three of these cultures, derived from different donors, was extended by introduction of the simian virus 40 large T antigen gene. Two cell lines, THLE-2 and -3, established with a recombinant simian virus 40 large T antigen virus have undergone > 100 population doublings, are nontumorigenic when injected into athymic nude mice, have near-diploid karyotypes, and do not express alpha-fetoprotein. The cells express cytokeratin 18 and albumin in early passage, whereas higher-passage cells in logarithmic-phase growth also express cytokeratin 19. THLE-2 and -3 cells metabolize benzo[a]pyrene, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and aflatoxin B1 to their ultimate carcinogenic metabolites that adduct DNA, which indicates functional cytochrome P450 pathways. Other enzymes involved in metabolism of chemical carcinogens, such as epoxide hydrolase, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferases, and glutathione peroxidase are also retained by THLE cells. Thus, these immortalized human liver cells constitute an in vitro model for pharmacotoxicological studies and for the investigation of etiology and pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. 相似文献
109.
Delles C Zimmerli LU McGrane DJ Koh-Tan CH Pathi VL McKay AJ Steedman T Dargie HJ Hamilton CA Dominiczak AF 《Journal of hypertension》2008,26(5):946-955
OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Increased vascular stiffness is an intermediate phenotype in the development of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that vascular stiffness is partially determined by oxidative stress. METHODS: We examined 163 participants out of whom 80 had coronary artery disease. Vascular stiffness was assessed by pulse wave analysis, pulse wave velocity and measurement of aortic compliance by cardiac MRI. Circulating markers of oxidative stress and vascular superoxide generation in saphenous vein were measured. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, heart rate, blood pressure and lipids only carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and aortic compliance were different between patients and control group. Aortic compliance was reduced (11.4 +/- 6.3 vs. 13.9 +/- 7.3 ml x 10(-3) per mmHg; P = 0.035) and vascular superoxide generation increased (1.01 +/- 0.45 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.44 nmol/mg per min; P = 0.035) in patients with coronary artery disease compared with those without. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, aortic compliance was determined by age (P < 0.001) and vascular superoxide production (P = 0.033). CYBA C242T and NOS3 G894T polymorphisms had additive effects on vascular superoxide generation (P = 0.026) and xanthine oxidase activity was increased in patients with CAD (P = 0.043). Genetic factors (P = 0.033) and xanthine oxidase activity (P < 0.001) were also related to aortic compliance. CONCLUSION: By measuring vascular superoxide generation and aortic compliance using cardiac MRI, we demonstrated a functional relationship between oxidative stress and vascular stiffness. Patients identified with high levels of vascular stiffness are most likely to benefit from strategies to reduce vascular oxidative stress. 相似文献
110.
Stefan Borgmann Yvonne Pfeifer Laura Becker Beate Rieß Rabea Siegmund Ulrich Sagel 《Infection》2018,46(1):103-112