Traumatic retroperitoneal hematoma illustrated on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in a patient presenting with a fall

Retroperitoneal haematoma is rarely described in the context of bone scintigraphy, as it is usually an incidental discovery on bone scan carried out for another purpose. We report a case of a right retroperitoneal haematoma detected on Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy taken in an elderly patient presenting with a mechanical fall and a right acetabular fracture.     

Studies of human physique and sexual attractiveness: sexual preferences of men and women in China.

Men and women at Northwest University (n = 631), Xi'an, China, were asked to rate the attractiveness of male or female figures manipulated to vary somatotype, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), secondary sexual traits, and other features. In study 1, women rated the average masculine somatotype as most attractive, followed by the mesomorphic (muscular), ectomorphic (slim), and endomorphic (heavily built) somatotypes, in descending order of preference. In study 2, the amount and distribution of masculine trunk (chest and abdominal) hair were altered progressively in a series of front-posed figures. Women rated figures with no or little trunk hair as most attractive. Study 3 assessed the attractiveness of front-posed male figures which varied only in length of their nonerect penis. Numerical ratings for this trait were low, but moderate lengthening of the penis (22% or 33% above average) resulted in a significant increase in scores for attractiveness. In study 4, Chinese men rated the attractiveness of back-posed female images varying in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR from 0.5-1.0). The 0.6 WHR figure was most preferred, followed by 0.7, while figures with higher ratios (0.9 or 1.0) were significantly less attractive. Study 5 rated the attractiveness of female skin color: men expressed a marked preference for images which were lighter in color, as compared to images of average or darker skin colors. These results, the first of their kind reported for a Chinese population, support the view that sexual selection has influenced the evolution of human physique and sexual attractiveness in men and women.     

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. III: Optimization model for corneal penetration of ethoxzolamide analogues

An analogue series representing modification to the benzene ring of ethoxzolamide has been evaluated for solubility, pKa, partitioning, and permeability across excised rabbit corneas. These physical parameters were correlated to Hammett sigma (para) and/or Hansch pi parameter values for each compound. From these correlations, a mathematical model was developed relating corneal permeability to molecular modifications of ethoxzolamide. A three-dimensional plot of maximum attainable penetration rate versus sigma (para) and pi yielded an optimal range of pi and sigma values from which an optimally penetrating analogue could be designed.     

Cellular aspects of pre-ovulatory folliculogenesis in primate ovaries

According to current concepts of pre-ovulatory folliculogenesisin primate ovaries, each growing follicle has a ‘threshold’requirement for stimulation by FSH which must be met if it isto enter the oestrogen-secretory phase of pre-ovulatory development.Until recently, our understanding of the intra-follicular mechanismsunderlying FSH action on granulosa cells was based largely oninformation from non-primate laboratory animals, mainly polyovulatorssuch as rats. The present paper describes studies on FSH-regulatedgranulosa cell function in relation to pre-ovulatory developmentin vivo and in vitro using a laboratory primate, the commonmarmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Measurement of aromatase activityis used as an index of granulosa cell cytodifferentiation toverify three major tenets of the ‘threshold’ hypothesis:(i) that granulosa cells acquire increased responsiveness toFSH and LH during pre-ovulatory growth; (ii) that these development-allyrelated changes are directly induced by FSH; and (iii) thatintrafollicular steroids modify FSH action and thereby contributeto the establishment of follicular FSH thresholds. The resultsobtained highlight the value of this experimental animal modelfor studies of cellular and molecular aspects of pre-ovulatoryfolliculogenesis which are relevant to human ovaries.     

Testosterone,aggressive behavior and dominance rank in captive adult male talapoin monkeys (miopithecus talapoin)

In three captive groups of talapoin monkeys, gonadectomized females usually ranked above males despite the larger size of the latter. Gonadectomized males sometimes ranked above intact ones. When gonadectomized females were treated with oestradiol some increase in aggression between the sexes occurred but this was not statistically significant. When gonadectomized males were treated with testosterone, however, they became more aggressive to subordinate males but not to more dominant males or females. Factors such as physical condition and previous social experience may be more important than gonadal hormones in influencing aggressive interactions in these captive groups of talapoins.     

Proceptive displays of the female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): effects of ovariectomy and oestradiol 17 beta

Proceptivity in the common marmoset consisted of brief periods when females remained with body and limbs immobile (IM) or crouched, and then stared, lipsmacked and tongue-flicked at males. Treatment of ovariectomized females with oestradiol activated all these proceptive displays but did not influence the combinations in which they occurred during IM periods.     

Effects of adrenalectomy upon proceptivity, receptivity and sexual attractiveness in ovariectomized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

The sexual behaviour of seven pairs of marmosets was observed during blocks of 30 minute tests before and after the ovariectomized partners were bilaterally adrenalectomized. Adrenalectomized females were maintained by intramuscular injections of deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DC) and hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (HC). Twice daily injections of HC were required to maintain the high levels of plasma cortisol typical of marmosets and some other New World primates. Adrenalectomy had no significant effects upon proceptivity, receptivity or female sexual attractiveness. Increasing the replacement dose of DC had no effects upon sexual behaviour. Oestradiol treatment caused a marked increase in proceptivity (tongue-flicking, staring and immobile displays) and in receptive tongue-flicking behaviour. Males ejaculated more frequently during tests with oestradiol-treated partners. These results indicate that during "pair tests" adrenocortical sex steroids are not essential for maintenance of sexual behaviour in female marmosets and that activation of proceptivity by oestradiol 17 beta can occur in the absence of the adrenal glands.     

The effects of teacher intrusion on social play interactions between children with autism and their nonhandicapped peers

This study investigated the effects of two levels of teacher intrusion upon the behavior of elementary age children with autism and nonhandicapped peers during dyadic play interactions occurring in two special education classrooms. High versus low levels of teacher intrusion were contrasted in a mixed between- and within-subjects design counterbalanced for order across the two conditions. There were few differences in behavior across the two conditions, though the low-intrusion condition was associated with higher levels of toy contact, appropriate and inappropriate play, and lower levels of spontaneous verbalizations by the students with autism. There was no difference in the occurrence of excess behavior by condition. Results are discussed with respect to future investigations of effective teacher mediation to prepare children for positive peer interactions.This work was supported in part by Contract #300-82-0363 from Special Education Programs, U.S. Department of Education, awarded to the University of Minnesota. The material does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and support of Bonnie Biel, Marie Blackburn, Dennis McGuire, Ralph McQuarter, May Ross, Jeanne LaMere, Etta Overland, Barbara Pollster, and Mary Porter in the conduct of this study.