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51.
Loren M. Gianini Diane A. Klein Christine Call Laurel Mayer Richard W. Foltin B. Timothy Walsh 《Eating disorders》2013,21(5):412-423
ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current study was to examine the relative reinforcing effect of exercise compared to a non-monetary alternative reinforcer (leisure activity), and to money, before and after weight restoration in an inpatient population with anorexia nervosa (AN). Sixty-two inpatients with AN completed a progressive ratio (PR) task to earn exercise, leisure activities, or cash at low weight and after weight restoration. Measures of pathology and motivation to exercise were completed and post-treatment discharge weights were collected. Patients worked harder for exercise at low weight than after weight restoration (df = 46, t = 5.50, p < .001). PR task performance was weakly associated with a measure of commitment to exercise (low weight: r = 0.31, weight restored: r = 0.36, p < .05), but not with other clinical measures or follow-up weights. Contrary to prior suggestions, measurement of the reinforcing value of exercise among individuals with AN via a PR task does not appear valuable in assessing clinical severity or outcome. Other, simpler, self-report measures of commitment to exercise may have greater value in assessing these outcomes. 相似文献
52.
53.
Yamamoto LG Nomura JT Sato RL Ahern RM Snow JL Kuwaye TT 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2003,21(3):176-179
We conducted two studies to determine whether the minimum clinically significant difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) for nearly simultaneous and brief-interval serial assessments of pain is less than that for pain assessment at 20- to 30-minute intervals, using a 10-cm VAS. The first study was a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled paired trial comparing the pain of intravenous cannulation in both hands (20-minute application of a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics v placebo) of study subjects. The second study was a non-blinded, randomized, paired trial of different treatments for jellyfish stings. In the first study, 37 of 40 subjects indicated that one hand experienced more pain than the other. Eleven of these 37 subjects (30%) indicated differences in VAS values of 1.0 cm or less, with a minimum value of 0.5 cm. In the second study, for all the VAS-based pain comparisons, VAS differences of 相似文献
54.
Mell LK Weichselbaum RR 《The New England journal of medicine》2007,357(21):2201-2; author reply 2202-3
55.
Lisa A. McConnachie Loren M. Kinman Josefin Koehn John C. Kraft Sarah Lane Wonsok Lee Ann C. Collier Rodney J.Y. Ho 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(7):1787-1790
Daily oral antiretroviral therapy regimens produce limited drug exposure in tissues where residual HIV persists and suffer from poor patient adherence and disparate drug kinetics, which all negatively impact outcomes. To address this, we developed a tissue- and cell-targeted long-acting 4-in-1 nanosuspension composed of lopinavir (LPV), ritonavir, tenofovir (TFV), and lamivudine (3TC). In 4 macaques dosed subcutaneously, drug levels over 5 weeks in plasma, lymph node mononuclear cells (LNMCs), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma and PBMC levels of the active drugs (LPV, TFV, and 3TC) were sustained for 5 weeks; PBMC exposures to LPV, ritonavir, and 3TC were 12-, 16-, 42-fold higher than those in plasma. Apparent T1/2z of LPV, TFV, and 3TC were 219.1, 63.1, and 136.3 h in plasma; 1045.7, 105.9, and 127.7 h in PBMCs. At day 8, LPV, TFV, and 3TC levels in LNMCs were 4.1-, 5.0-, and 1.9-fold higher than in those in PBMCs and much higher than in plasma. Therefore, 1 dose of a 4-drug nanosuspension exhibited persistent drug levels in LNMCs, PBMCs, and plasma for 5 weeks. With interspecies scaling and dose adjustment, this 4-in-1 HIV drug-combination could be a long-acting treatment with the potential to target residual virus in tissues and improve patient adherence. 相似文献
56.
Andi Camden Jennifer Levy Kate Bassil Loren Vanderlinden Olanna White Barnett Leia M. Minaker Kate Mulligan Monica Campbell 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2018,50(6):573-581
Objective
Assess the consumer nutrition environment in midsize to large supermarkets by supermarket type and area-level socioeconomic variables.Design
Cross-sectional census of 257 supermarkets using the Toronto Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores.Setting
Toronto, Canada.Variables Measured
Availability; price and linear shelf space of fruits and vegetables vs energy-dense snack foods by supermarket type; after-tax, low-income measure; and neighborhood improvement area.Analysis
Multivariate linear regression.Results
There was a high availability of fruits (7.7 of 8) and vegetables (9.5 of 11). There was similar linear shelf space for fruits and vegetables vs energy-dense snack foods (ratio, 1.1?m). Adjusted fruit prices were lowest in quintiles 1 (β?=??$1.30; P?=?.008), 2 (β?=??$1.41; P?=?.005), and 3 (β?=??$1.89; P?<?.001) vs quintile 5 (lowest percentage of people living with low income) and in ethnic (β?=??$3.47; P?<?.001) and discount stores (β?=??$5.64; P?<?.001) vs conventional. Adjusted vegetable prices were lowest in quintiles 2 (β?=??$1.87; P?=?.04), 3 (β?=??$1.78; P?=?.03), and 4 (β?=??$2.65; P?=?.001) vs quintile 5 and in ethnic (β?=??$7.10; P?<?.001) and discount (β?=??$5.49; P?<?.001) stores. They were highest in other (β?=?+?$3.08; P?=?.003) vs conventional stores. Adjusted soda and chips prices were lower in discount (β?=??$1.16; P?<?.001) and higher in other stores (β?=?+?$0.67; P?<?.001) vs conventional.Conclusions and Implications
Findings do not indicate inequities in shelf space, availability, or price across diverse neighborhoods. Practitioners can use findings to help consumers navigate supermarkets to make healthy choices. 相似文献57.
58.
Bruno Loren??o de Almeida Antonio Massamitsu Kambara Fabio Henrique Rossi Samuel Martins Moreira Eduardo Silva Jordao de Oliveira Frederico Augusto de Carvalho Linhares Filho Patrick Bastos Metzger Aldo Zampieri Passalacqua 《Brazilian Journal Of Cardiovascular Surgery》2014,29(2):236-240
Introduction
The subclavian steal syndrome is characterized by the vertebral artery flow inversion, due to a stenotic lesion in the origin of the subclavian artery. The Coronary-subclavian Steal Syndrome is a variation of the Subclavian Steal Syndrome and is characterized by inversion of flow in the Internal Thracic artery that has been used as conduct in a myocardial revascularization. Its diagnosis must be suspected in patients with difference in pulse and arterial pressure in the upper limbs, that present with angina pectoris and that have done a myocardial revascularization. Its treatment must be a surgical bypass or a transluminal angioplasty.Objective
The objective is to show the left subclavian artery stenting as a safe and effective method to treat the coronary-subclavian steal syndrome.Methods
Historical prospective, non-randomized trial, through revision of the hospital records of the patients treated with the stenting of the left subclavian artery, from January 2006 to September 2012.Results
In the mentioned period, 4.291 miocardial revascularizations were performed with the use of the left mammary artery, and 16 patients were identified to have the Coronary-subclavian steal syndrome. All of them were submitted to endovascular treatment. The success rate was 100%; two patients experienced minor complications; none of them presented with major complications. Eleven of the 16 patients had ultrassonographic documentation of patent stent for at least one year; two patients lost follow up and other two died.Conclusion
The stenting of the left subclavian artery is a good option for the treatment of the Coronary-subclavian Steal Syndrome, with high level of technical and clinical success. 相似文献59.
Ha-Soon Choi Paul V. Rucker Zhicheng Wang Yi Fan Pamela Albaugh Greg Chopiuk Francois Gessier Fangxian Sun Francisco Adrian Guoxun Liu Tami Hood Nanxin Li Yong Jia Jianwei Che Susan McCormack Allen Li Jie Li Auzon Steffy AnneMarie Culazzo Celine Tompkins Van Phung Andreas Kreusch Min Lu Bin Hu Apurva Chaudhary Mahavir Prashad Tove Tuntland Bo Liu Jennifer Harris H. Martin Seidel Jon Loren Valentina Molteni 《ACS medicinal chemistry letters》2015,6(5):562-567
60.
Transcription in yeast: separation and properties of multiple FNA polymerases 总被引:20,自引:5,他引:20 下载免费PDF全文
Ray Adman Loren D. Schultz Benjamin D. Hall 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1972,69(7):1702-1706
Four peaks of DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity are resolved by salt gradient elution of a sonicated yeast cell extract on DEAE-Sephadex. The enzymes, which are named IA, IB, II, and III in order of elution, all appear to come from cell nuclei. Only enzyme II is sensitive to alpha-amanitin. All enzymes are more active with Mn(++) than with Mg(++) as divalent ion. Enzymes IB and II have salt optima in the range 0.05-0.10 M (NH(4))(2)SO(4), whereas enzyme III is maximally active at 0.20-0.25 M (NH(4))(2)SO(4). With optimal salt concentration and saturating DNA, the template preference ratio, activity on native calfthymus DNA divided by activity on denatured calf-thymus DNA, is 2.2 for IB, 0.4 for II, and 3.5 for III. None of the yeast polymerases was inhibited by rifamycin SV. Rifamycin AF/013 effectively inhibited polymerases IB, II, and III. 相似文献