抑制CaMKⅡ对异氟烷神经毒性的影响

目的探讨钙调蛋白依赖性激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)对异氟烷神经毒性的作用及相关机制。方法 0.96 mM异氟烷处理培养1 w后的神经细胞6 h,异氟烷处理之前两天在培养基中加入CaMKⅡ抑制剂十四烷酰肉豆蔻酰-钙调蛋白自变性抑制肽(myrAIP)或激动剂钙调素(CaM)。抑制剂实验将细胞随机分为对照组、CaMKⅡ抑制剂处理组、异氟烷处理组、异氟烷加抑制剂组(n=10),激动剂实验分为对照组、异氟烷处理组、异氟烷加CaMKⅡ激动剂组(n=10)。检测细胞活力MTT,对细胞进行Hoechst33258荧光染色观察凋亡细胞并计数。结果抑制剂实验中,与对照组相比,各处理组MTT值明显降低(P<0.05),凋亡神经元明显增多(P<0.05),异氟烷加抑制剂组的凋亡细胞明显多于单纯异氟烷处理组(P<0.05);激动剂实验中,异氟烷加激动剂组部分逆转了单纯异氟烷处理引起的MTT下降(P<0.05)并减轻了单纯异氟烷处理引起的凋亡细胞增多(P<0.05)。结论 0.96mM的异氟烷处理6h对小鼠的神经元产生了明显的毒性;CaMKⅡ抑制剂能明显加重异氟烷的神经毒性。     

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 activation yields delayed tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia

We demonstrated in our previous research that pretreatment with electroacupuncture (EA) induces rapid (2h after EA) and delayed (24h after EA) tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. We further elucidate the endocannabinoid and cannabinoid receptor type 1(CB1) involvment in the rapid ischemic tolerance induced by EA pretreatment. The present study aimed at investigating the involvement of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) in the neuroprotection conferred by EA pretreatment. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 120 min at 2h and 24h following EA pretreatment in male Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. Cerebral ischemic injury was evaluated by neurobehavioral scores and infarction volume percentages 72 h after reperfusion in the presence or absence of AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, and AM630, a selective CB2 receptor antagonist. The expression of CB1 and CB2 receptor in the striatum of ischemic hemisphere was also evaluated. The rapid and delayed ischemic tolerance induced by EA pretreatment was respectively reversed by AM251 and AM630. CB2 receptor expression was up-regulated in the striatum of rat brains at 24h after EA stimuli. These results indicate that CB2 receptor contributed to the delayed neuroprotective effect whereas CB1 receptor to the rapid ischemic tolerance induced by EA pretreatment against focal cerebral ischemia in rats.     

参附注射液预处理对脑肿瘤患者术后康复的影响

目的 观察围术期预先给予参附注射液(SF)对脑肿瘤患者术后早期康复效果的影响.方法 192例拟行择期颅内肿瘤切除手术的患者,随机分为SF组(n=95),于麻醉诱导后,用0.9％生理盐水将50mlSF稀释至200 ml并于切开硬脑膜前静脉输注完毕;对照组(n=97),于同一时间点输入0.9％生理盐水200ml.分别记录患者术毕清醒时间、拔管时间、重症监护病房停留时间、住院天数,采用Karnofsky表现评分(KPS)量表分别在术前及出院时对患者的生存质量(QQL)作出评估.结果 两组患者的苏醒时间、拔管时间及重症监护病房停留时间无明显差别(P＞0.05),SF组患者住院天数为(25.3±8.8)d,少于对照组的(27.9±7.9)d (P ＜0.05).两组患者出院时的KPS评分均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05),但两组间比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 在脑肿瘤手术围术期给予SF预处理能够缩短平均住院日,但对患者术后早期生存质量无明显改善.     

Neurocognitive function in an extended Afrikaner-ancestry family with affective illness

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the neuropsychological profile of an extended family with unipolar depression (UPD) and other forms of affective illness. METHOD: We administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks measuring various aspects of executive function and visual and verbal memory to 49 individuals in 1 extended family. Six participants had 1 lifetime episode of major depression (MDE-S), 15 were diagnosed with recurrent major depression (MDE-R), 11 had another DSM-IV diagnosis and 17 subjects were unaffected. RESULTS: After controlling for multiple confounding factors, including mood and medication, the MDE-R sample made significantly more errors than unaffected relatives on the Stroop Task, a measure of cognitive control. CONCLUSION: There may be at least 1 subtype of UPD characterized by a state-independent deficit in cognitive control.