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991.
Beck DW Lalota M Metsch LR Cardenas GA Forrest DW Lieb S Liberti TM 《AIDS and behavior》2012,16(3):751-760
Misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention may inhibit individuals’ accurate assessment of their level of risk.
We used venue-based sampling to conduct a cross-sectional study of heterosexually active adults (N = 1,221) within areas exhibiting high poverty and HIV/AIDS rates in Miami-Dade and Broward counties in 2007. Two logistic
regression analyses identified correlates of holding inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission and prevention. Belief in incorrect
HIV prevention methods (27.2%) and modes of transmission (38.5%) was common. Having at least one incorrect prevention belief
was associated with being Hispanic compared to white (non-Hispanic), being depressed, and not knowing one’s HIV status. Having
at least one incorrect transmission belief was associated with being younger, heavy alcohol use, being depressed, not having
seen a physician in the past 12 months, and not knowing one’s HIV status. Among low-income heterosexuals, HIV prevention and
transmission myths are widespread. Debunking them could have HIV prevention value. 相似文献
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LK Stamp I Khalilova JM Tarr R Senthilmohan R Turner RC Haigh PG Winyard AJ Kettle 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》2012,51(10):1796-1803
Objective. To determine whether MPO contributes to oxidative stress and disease activity in RA and whether it produces hypochlorous acid in SF. Methods. Plasma and where possible SF were collected from 77 RA patients while 120 healthy controls supplied plasma only. MPO and protein carbonyls were measured by ELISAs. 3-Chlorotyrosine in proteins and allantoin in plasma were measured by mass spectrometry. Results. Plasma MPO concentrations were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with healthy controls [10.8?ng/ml, inter-quartile range (IQR): 7.2-14.2; P?0.05], but there was no significant difference in plasma MPO protein concentrations between RA patients with high disease activity (HDA; DAS-28 >3.2) and those with low disease activity (LDA; DAS-28 ≤3.2) (HDA 27.9?ng/ml, 20.2-34.1 vs LDA 22.1?ng/ml, 16.9-34.9; P?>?0.05). There was a significant relationship between plasma MPO and DAS-28 (r?=?0.35; P?=?0.005). Plasma protein carbonyls and allantoin were significantly higher in patients with RA compared with the healthy controls. MPO protein was significantly higher in SF compared with plasma (median 624.0?ng/ml, IQR 258.4-2433.0 vs 30.2?ng/ml, IQR 25.1-50.9; P?0.0001). The MPO present in SF was mostly active. 3-Chlorotyrosine, a specific biomarker of hypochlorous acid, was present in proteins from SF and related to the concentration of MPO (r?=?0.69; P?=?0.001). Protein carbonyls in SF were associated with MPO protein concentration (r?=?0.40; P?=?0.019) and 3-chlorotyrosine (r?=?0.66; P?=?0.003). Conclusion. MPO is elevated in patients with RA and promotes oxidative stress through the production of hypochlorous acid. 相似文献
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George R. Verghese MD MBA Doff B. McElhinney MD Keith J. Strauss MSc Lisa Bergersen MD MPH 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》2012,79(2):294-301
Objectives: This study aimed to characterize radiation dose during cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease and to assess changes in dose after the introduction of a radiation monitoring policy. Background: Minimizing radiation exposure is an important patient safety initiative and relatively few data are available characterizing radiation dose for the broad spectrum of congenital cardiac catheter‐based interventions. Methods: Radiation dose data were reviewed on all cases since 7/1/05 at a single large center. Procedures were classified according to 20 common case types then subdivided into five age categories. Groups with <20 cases were excluded. Radiation dose was estimated by cumulative air KERMA (mGy) and DAP (dose area product, μGym2) which were reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). We also examined differences in radiation dose before and after the implementation of a radiation policy. Results: Between 7/1/05 and 12/10/08, 3,365 cases were identified for inclusion. Radiation dose increased with age and procedural complexity. Patients were characterized into low, medium, and high dose categories relative to each other. “Low” dose cases included isolated pulmonary or aortic valvotomy, pre‐Fontan assessment, and ASD closure. “High” dose cases involved multiple procedures in pulmonary arteries or veins. After introduction of a radiation policy, there was a significant decrease in radiation dose across a variety of case types, particularly among infants and young children. Conclusions: Radiation dose in congenital cardiac catheterization varies by age and procedure type. A radiation monitoring and notification policy may have contributed to reduced radiation dose. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common but asymptomatic disease that has high susceptibility to rupture. Current therapeutic options are limited to surgical procedures because no pharmacological approaches have been proven to decrease either expansion or rupture of human AAAs. The current dearth of effective medical treatment is attributed to insufficient understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation, propagation and rupture of AAAs. This review will emphasize recent advances in mechanistic studies that may provide insights into potential pharmacological treatments for this disease. While we primarily focus on recent salient findings, we also discuss mechanisms that continue to be controversial depending on models under study. Despite the progress on exploring mechanisms of experimental AAAs, ultimate validation of mechanisms will require completion of prospective double-blinded clinical trials. In addition, we advocate increased emphasis of collaborative studies using animal models and human tissues for determination of mechanisms that explore expansion and rupture of existing AAAs. 相似文献
1000.
Garg S Chaves SS Pérez A D'Mello T Gershman K Meek J Yousey-Hindes K Arnold KE Farley MM Tengelsen L Ryan P Sharangpani R Lynfield R Morin C Baumbach J Hancock EB Zansky S Bennett NM Fowler B Bradley K Thomas A Cooper T Schaffner W Boulton R Finelli L Fry AM 《Clinical infectious diseases》2012,55(3):e18-e21
Influenza antiviral treatment is recommended for all persons hospitalized with influenza virus infection. During the 2010-2011 influenza season, antiviral treatment of children and adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza declined significantly compared with treatment during the 2009 pandemic (children, 56% vs 77%; adults, 77% vs 82%; both P < .01). 相似文献