紫杉醇影响TGF⁃β1诱导的原代人肺成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞转化

目的：研究紫杉醇（paclitaxel,PTX）对重组人转化生长因子?β1（recombinant human transform growth factor?β1,rhTGF?β1）诱导人肺成纤维细胞（human lung fibroblasts,HLFs）向肌成纤维细胞转化的影响及其相关机制。方法：培养HLFs,药物处理分为对照组、TGF?β1组（5 ng/mL）、TGF?β1+PTX（0.01 nmol/L）组、TGF?β1+ PTX（0.1 nmol/L）组、TGF?β1+ PTX（1 nmol/L）组、PTX组（1 nmol/L）。采用CCK8法测定细胞活性;显微镜下观察并分析细胞形态学变化;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力;免疫荧光观察细胞内α?平滑肌肌动蛋白（α?SMA）表达及分布情况;real?time PCR和Western blot检测各组α?SMA、纤连蛋白（fibronectin）、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（collagen Ⅰ）、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白（collagen Ⅲ）mRNA水平及蛋白含量;Western blot检测各组细胞内p?Smad3、Smad3、p?p38和p38蛋白含量。结果：CCK8结果显示,1 nmol/L PTX对细胞无毒性作用,0.01 nmol/L PTX不能抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs活性增加,0.1和1.0 nmol/L PTX可以抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs活性增加;细胞形态学结果显示,0.01 nmol/L PTX不能抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs胞体宽度增加,0.1、1.0 nmol/L PTX可以抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs胞体宽度增加;Transwell实验结果显示,0.01 nmol/L PTX不能抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs迁移,0.1、1.0 nmol/L PTX可以抑制TGF?β1诱导的HLFs迁移;免疫荧光结果显示,0.01 nmol/L PTX不能降低TGF?β1诱导的HLFs内α?SMA荧光强度,0.1、1.0 nmol/L PTX可以降低TGF?β1诱导的HLFs内α?SMA荧光强度;real?time PCR和Western blot结果显示,0.01 nmol/L PTX不能降低TGF?β1诱导的HLFs表型转化标志物α?SMA、fibronectin、collagenⅠ、collagenⅢ含量及p38的磷酸化水平,0.1、1.0 nmol/L PTX可以降低TGF?β1诱导的HLFs表型转化标志物α?SMA、fibronectin、collagenⅠ、collagen Ⅲ含量以及Smad3和p38的磷酸化水平。结论：紫杉醇可以抑制TGF?β1诱导原代HLFs向肌成纤维细胞表型转化,这种作用可能与抑制TGF?β/Smad/MAPK信号通路激活有关。     

蟾蜍灵通过程序性坏死途径诱导人胃癌细胞SGC-7901死亡

目的 探讨蟾蜍灵（Bufalin）诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞死亡过程中程序性坏死途径的发生机制。方法 体外培养SGC-7901细胞,于对照组加入RPMI 1640培养液,实验组加入不同浓度的蟾蜍灵（50、100、150、200 nmol/L）,对照组与实验组细胞继续培养48 h。MTT法检测细胞活性,DAPI染色法观察细胞核形态改变,透射电镜观察细胞膜及细胞核改变,流式细胞术检测细胞坏死率,Western blotting法检测程序性坏死关键蛋白受体相互作用蛋白激酶1（receptor interacting protein kinase 1,RIP1）的表达。结果 MTT实验结果表明,蟾蜍灵对SGC-7901细胞的生长具有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）。通过透射电镜可以观察到细胞坏死时的特征性改变,如细胞膜破裂、细胞内空泡的产生以及细胞器的崩解。DAPI染色显示,蟾蜍灵（100 nmol/L）处理细胞48 h后,无明显细胞凋亡特征性改变,如细胞核固缩、核碎裂、凋亡小体形成。与对照组相比细胞坏死率升高（P<0.05）。蟾蜍灵对程序性坏死途径关键蛋白RIP1的表达有促进作用（P<0.05）。结论 蟾蜍灵通过程序性坏死途径诱导SGC-7901细胞死亡。     

胆管癌与肝炎病毒感染相关性研究

目的:调查胆管癌患者血清中肝炎病毒标志物检出率,探讨胆管癌发生与肝炎病毒感染的相关性.方法:收集天津地区11年间3所医院305例胆管癌的临床资料,统计其中肝炎病毒感染率和肝炎病毒危险因素接触状况,调查住院期间血清肝炎病毒标志物检出情况.调查了同期住院的480例良性胆道疾病患者作为对照.结果:胆管癌和良性胆道疾病患者既往乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率分别为3%和2.5%;29%的胆管癌病例可以检出HBV的血清标志物,而良性胆道疾病病例HBV血清标志物的检出率为21%,二者有显著差异.丙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的血清标志物检出率在胆管癌为4.3%,在良性胆道疾病为5.6%,二者比较无差别.结论:胆管癌患者中并发HBV感染率较高,HBV感染与胆管癌的发生可能存在一定的关系.由于HCV的检测指标单一,目前尚不能排除胆管癌发生与HCV感染无关.     

Preoperative Zung depression scale predicts outcomes in older patients undergoing short-segment fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal disease

Purpose

To identify the relationship between depression measured by Zung depression rating scale (ZDRS) and postoperative outcomes (including the patients reported outcomes [PRO] and clinical outcomes) two years after short-segment fusion surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal disease in older patients (aged 75 years and older).

Methods

We enrolled patients who underwent short-segment fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative disease from May 2018 to June 2020. All patients were assessed for depression using the ZDRS. Patients were included in the depression group and not-depressed group based on their scores. Preoperative baseline data were collected on characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory data, pain levels (visual analogue scale [VAS]), functional status (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), and surgery-related variables. The primary outcomes were PRO measures, including VAS, ODI and satisfaction two years after lumbar fusion surgery. Other outcomes included postoperative complications, the length of stay, and reoperation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for poor satisfaction.

Results

A total of 231 patients (201 in not-depressed and 30 in depressed group) were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences between the two groups for baseline data. Depressed group had higher rates of choices for dissatisfaction (36.7% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.015), higher VAS scores of low back pain (2.8 ± 2.3 vs. 1.6 ± 1.7, p = 0.012), and worse functional status (31.5 ± 22.5 vs 21.8 ± 19.9, p = 0.015) than the not-depressed group. Depressed patients reported significantly higher rates of postoperative complications and readmissions. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that depression (p = 0.001) was independently associated with postoperative dissatisfaction.

Conclusion

Preoperative depression was a risk factor for postoperative dissatisfaction, worse functional status, readmission, and complications in older patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery. Preoperative screening using the Zung depression scale helps inform decision-making when considering fusion surgery for patients aged 75 and older.

     

Effect of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy on the incidence of surgical-site wound infection: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of robotic and laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomies on postoperative surgical site wound infections. A comprehensive computerised search of databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data, was performed to identify studies comparing robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with laparoscopicPD. Relevant studies were searched from the inception of the database construction until April 2023. The meta-analysis outcomes were analysed using odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta-analysis. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that patients who underwent laparoscopic PD had a significantly lower incidence of surgical-site wound (16.52% vs. 18.92%, OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.90, P = .0005), superficial wound (3.65% vs. 7.57%, OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.68, P < .001), and deep wound infections (1.09% vs. 2.23%, OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.85, P = .008) than those who received robotic PD. However, because of variations in sample size between studies, some studies suffered from methodological quality deficiencies. Therefore, further validation of this result is needed in future studies with higher quality and larger sample sizes.     

凋亡相关基因产物Fas／APO—1和bcl—2蛋白在肾癌组织中的表达及 …

目的 研究凋亡相关基因Ｆａｓ／ＡＰＯ－１和ｂｃｌ－２在肾癌发生发展中的作用。方法 采用免疫组织化学法对３５例肾癌组织和２６例远离肾癌的正常肾组织Ｆａｓ／ＡＰＯ－１和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达进行检测。结果 肾癌组织Ｆａｓ／ＡＰＯ－１蛋白表达率５７．１４％,明显低于正常肾组织中的表达率（８４．６２％,Ｐ〈０．０５）,且表达强度也明显低下;而ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达率为８０．０％,明显高于正常肾组织中的表达率（５     

Physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients: comparison of dialysis and nondialysis days.

OBJECTIVE: To determine physical activity patterns in chronic hemodialysis patients with a specific emphasis on the difference between dialysis and nondialysis days. Design A cross-sectional single-center study. SETTING: Vanderbilt University Outpatient Dialysis Unit. PATIENTS: Twenty current chronic hemodialysis patients: 10 male, 10 female; 15 black, 5 white; mean age, 50.1 +/- 9.9 years; height, 164.5 +/- 10.9 cm; weight, 82.5 +/- 15.4 kg; length on dialysis, 57.3 +/- 45.3 months. METHODS: Minute-by-minute physical activity was assessed over a 7-day period using a triaxial accelerometer, which consists of raw numbers or counts calculated by the 3 axes of the accelerometer (PA counts). PA counts were extrapolated on a daily and hourly basis. Physical functioning tests included: sit-to-stand, 6-minute walk, and 1-repetition maximal leg press exercise. Laboratory values for serum concentrations of albumin, prealbumin, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol were also collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: PA counts. RESULTS: Total PA counts were significantly lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days (128,279 +/- 74,009 versus 168,744 +/- 95,168, respectively, P = .025). The average PA counts during the 4-hour dialysis time period were significantly lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days (3,086 +/- 3,749 versus 11,070 +/- 7,695, respectively, P = .001). At postdialysis hours 1 and 2, PA counts on dialysis days were significantly higher than on nondialysis days (11,410 +/- 5,340 versus 9,082 +/- 6,646, P = .008, and 14,048 +/- 9,728 versus 8,662 +/- 6,433, P = .016, respectively). By postdialysis hour 4, PA counts on dialysis days had significantly decreased when compared with nondialysis days (6,068 +/- 6,268 versus 10,512 +/- 7,420 PA counts, P = .01, respectively). From postdialysis hours 5 to 20, there was no significant difference in PA counts between dialysis and nondialysis days. CONCLUSION: This study shows that physical activity is lower on dialysis days when compared with nondialysis days, and this decrease is caused by the lack of activity during the 4-hour hemodialysis procedure. New behavior modification strategies involving physical activity, both during hemodialysis and on nondialysis days, must be examined in this patient population.     

术后疼痛大鼠切口组织Toll样受体4及其下游细胞因子表达的变化

目的 探讨术后疼痛大鼠切口组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)及其下游细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA表达的变化. 方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠74只,体重200～250 g,建立大鼠术后疼痛模型.于术前1d、术后0.5,1,2,6,12h及1,2,3,5,7d测定术侧与非术侧机械缩足反射阈值(PMWT);于术前1d、术后2,8h、1,2,3,5,7d采用荧光定量PCR法检测皮肤切口组织TLR4、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA的表达. 结果 与术前比较,大鼠术侧术后0.5 h～5 dPMWT降低,术后2h术侧切口组织TLR4mRNA表达下调,之后逐渐升高,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA于术后2,8h、1,2,3,5d表达上调(P＜0.05),非术侧PMWT差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术侧PMWT术后6h最低,之后逐渐升高,术侧切口组织TLR4mRNA术后2d表达水平最高,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α mRNA分别于术后2h、1d、3d表达水平最高(P＜0.05).TLR4、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA表达水平与术侧PMWT呈负相关(r=-0.501,-0.743,-0.893,-0.657,P＜0.05),IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA与TLR4 mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r =0.764,0.283,0.667,P＜0.05). 结论 术后疼痛大鼠切口组织TLR4及其下游炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α mRNA表达上调,该变化可能参与了术后疼痛的产生和维持.     

腹腔感染细菌流行病学调查

目的监测2006年10月至2007年10月我国不同地区14家教学医院分离的腹腔感染病原菌的菌种分布及其体外药物敏感性。方法按设计方案收集来自腹腔感染的病原菌。菌株经中心实验室复核后,采用琼脂稀释法测定10类共29种抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,数据输入WHONET5．4软件进行耐药性分析。结果此次监测收集的腹腔感染病例数为742例,分离出的病原菌为743株,其中革兰阴性菌占76．7％（570／743）,革兰阳性菌占23．3％（173／743）。病原菌中分离率位于前5位的分别为大肠埃希菌（38．8％）、肺炎克雷伯菌（10．2％）、铜绿假单胞菌（9．2％）、屎肠球菌（8-2％）和金黄色葡萄球菌（4．4％）。对于所有肠杆菌科菌,敏感率高于90％的抗菌药物包括美罗培南、亚胺培南、替加环素、阿米卡星和他唑西林-三唑巴坦。对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌,敏感性大于90％的药物包括亚胺培南（100％）、美罗培南（100％）、替加环素（100％）和他唑西林-三唑巴坦（91．5％～91．7％）。铜绿假单胞菌中多重耐药菌株的检出率为14．7％,鲍曼不动杆菌为61．3％。金黄色葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林（MRSA）的发生率为69．7％,所有菌株对替加环素、万古霉素和替考拉宁均敏感。替加环素对所有粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌均保持了100％的敏感率。粪肠球菌中敏感性较高的抗菌药物还有万古霉素（100％）、替考拉宁（100％）和氨苄西林（81．5％）。屎肠球菌中敏感性较高的抗菌药物还有万古霉素和替考拉宁（96．7％）。结论引起腹腔感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌特别是肠杆菌科菌为主。替加环素、碳青酶烯类、他唑西林-三唑巴坦和阿米卡星对腹腔感染肠杆菌科菌保持了较高的抗菌活性,非发酵的革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性令人担忧。替加环素、万     

Clinical analysis on 48 cases of kidney transplantation from brain and cardiac death donors

Objective To observe the short-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from brain and cardiac death donors (DBCD) and assess its feasibility to expand organ donor pool. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 cases of kidney transplantation from DBCD.The transplant recipients had finished 12-month follow-up in the First People's Hospital of Foshan from September 2011 to February 2015, with their renal function, rejection reaction and complications at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after renal transplantation being collected. Survival rates of transplant recipients and transplant kidneys, incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and its influence for recipients and graft survival were analyzed by statistics. Results In the 48 cases, the survival rates of recipients at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation were 100.0%, 100.0%, 97.9%, 95.8%, and the survival rates of transplanted kidneys were 95.8%, 95.8%, 93.8%, 91.7%, respectively. DGF occurred in 8 of 48 (17.0%), but the occurrence of DGF did not adversely influence patient's survival (P=0.524) or graft survival (P=0.362). Conclusions The short-term clinical outcomes of kidney transplantation from DBCD are ideal. As the legislation of donation after brain death (DBD) has not been ratified in China, the kidney transplantation from DBCD could be an important way to solve the shortage of organs, and increase the number of kidneys available for transplantation.