磁锚定牵引辅助内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗回盲部侧向发育型肿瘤一例

本文报道了1例回盲部侧向发育型肿瘤的内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,术中使用磁锚定技术进行牵引,不但可以充分暴露病变黏膜下层、降低手术难度,而且还可以减少并发症的发生,总体效果满意。     

Treatment of gastric varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy using butyl cyanoacrylate: 10 years’ experience of 635 cases

Background Gastric varices (GV) are life-threatening for patients with portal hypertension. Endoscopic injection with butyl cyanoacrylate (BC), the mainstay of the therapy for GV, has been reported to be effective for hemostasis of bleeding varices, but its efficacy in the obliteration of GV and impact on the survival of patients still needs clarification. Here we summarized our experience of 10 years’ practice to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy using BC for GV patients.Methods From January 1997 to April 2006, GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected. The “sandwich method” and the “modified sandwich method” were used to inject BC intravascularly. Retrograde analysis was made on the data of treatment and follow-up.Results A total of 635 GV cases treated with endoscopic injection using BC were collected, most of them (90.2%) suffered from post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Emergency hemostasis was achieved in 139 out of 146 sessions (95.2%). Complications occurred in 32 cases (5.2%), including hemorrhage due to early expulsion of tissue glue (3.1%), septicemia (1%) and ectopic thrombosis (0.5%), such as spleen infarction. Endoscopic follow-up in 503 patients showed complete disappearance (76.9%), collapse (17.3%) or remnants (5.8%) of gastric varices. A total of 550 patients were followed up clinically for 3 to 115 months. Of these patients, 44 had recurrent bleeding (8.0%) and 44 died from hepatic failure, recurrent bleeding, hepatic carcinoma or other causes. The longest survival was 115 months, with a median survival of 25 months. Survival rates at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 year were 95%, 92%, 90%, 83% and 81%, respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic sclerotherapy with BC is effective for the hemostasis of bleeding GV, as well as obliteration of GV which contributes to less rebleeding and better survival. The modified sandwich method may be useful to minimize ectopic embolism, which we speculated to result from excess iodized oil.     

维生素C对失血性休克大鼠脏器功能的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨维生素C(Vit C)对失血性休克(hemorrhagic shock,HS)大鼠脏器功能的保护作用。方法:首先对16只雄性SD大鼠随机分为腹腔内注射生理盐水组(空白对照组,n=8)和Vit C组(V2 h组,100 mg/kg,n=8),用免疫组化方法检测空肠、肝脏、肺脏及肾脏中血红素加氧酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)的表达。其次,32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=8),休克模型组(HS 24 h组,n=8),休克加Vit C组(HSV 24 h组,HS+Vit C,n=8)和HO-1抑制组(HSVZ 24 h组,HS+Vit C+ZnPP,n=8)。HSV 24 h组在造模前30 min腹腔注射Vit C(100 mg/kg),HSVZ 24 h在HSV24 h处理方法的基础上腹腔注射HO-1抑制剂ZnPP(3 mg/kg),各组在造模后24 h取血清,检测器官功能指标丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶及肌酸激酶的表达,取空肠、肝脏、肺脏及肾脏,制作病理切片并行HE染色,进行病理评分。结果:正常SD大鼠注射Vit C 2 h后,空肠、肝脏、肺脏及肾脏HO-1表达明显增高。与假手术组相比,失血性休克大鼠各个器官的组织病理损伤及评分和各器官功能指标均显著增高(P<0.05),预先给予VitC可显著减轻以上病理指标(P     

RESPONSE OF EARLY STAGE BULKY CERVICAL SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA TO PREOPERATIVE ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY

Objective To investigate the potential role of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy on early stage cervical squamous carcinoma with bulky tumor. Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with cervical squarnous cancer stages Ⅰb-Ⅱa were investigated, among which 17 patients with bulky tumors (≥4 cm) were managed by cisplatin-based chemotherapy for 1-2 courses followed by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (BC group). The change of tumor size, pelvic lymph nodes metastasis, cervical wall invasion, the involvement of surgical specimen margin, and the blood loss during operation were assessed after operation and compared with those in 51 patients with bulky tumors (BN group) and 77 patients with small local tumors (S group) who underwent surgery directly. Results (1) The tumor size of 17 patients in BC group were decreased in various degrees after chemotherapy, with 13 patients of clinical effectiveness (76.47%). And the responsiveness pertained to neither histological differentiation nor size of local tumors. (2) Post-operative histology has showed that patients in BC and BN group have higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and deep cervical infiltration (5/68 and 3/68, respectively) than in S group (1/77 and 1/77, respectively) while with no statistical significance. (3) Blood loss during operation in BC group was less than BN and S group. (4) Seventeen patients, including those underwent surgeries of vaginal prolongation and/or ovarian transposition, appeared disease-flee survival within the follow-up time. Conclusions Most of patients with bulky early stage cervical squamous carcinoma are sensitive to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which could greatly reduce local tumor size and in turn facilitate the following operation by well controlling blood loss.     

双侧颈总动脉夹闭法构建脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的经验总结

双侧颈总动脉夹闭法因其操作简单、动物死亡率低、模型成功率高等优点正在受到广泛的应用,本文通过对原有的双侧颈总动脉夹闭法构建脑缺血再灌注损伤模型进行了一定的优化,并总结了一些成功的经验和体会,以期能为模型制作提供一定的参考。     

激素预防食管早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术后食管狭窄效果的Meta分析

目的探讨激素预防食管早癌内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)术后食管狭窄的效果。 方法检索截止2017年11月发表在CBM、Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库中有关激素预防食管早癌ESD术后食管狭窄效果的相关研究,采用RevMan5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。 结果共有12项研究535例患者纳入分析。Meta分析结果显示,局部注射激素可降低食管早癌ESD术后食管狭窄发生率(RR＝0.41,95%CI：0.27～0.63,P<0.0001),口服激素可降低非全环周ESD术后食管狭窄发生率(RR＝0.25,95%CI：0.11～0.54,P＝0.000 4),而对于降低全环周ESD术后食管狭窄发生率无明显效果(RR＝0.54,95%CI：0.16～1.84,P＝0.33)。口服激素(RR＝－10.73,95% CI：－15.47～－5.98,P<0.0001)和局部注射激素(RR＝－3.22,95% CI：－5.11～－1.34,P＝0.0008)均可减少食管狭窄后EBD扩张次数。 结论激素对于预防食管早癌ESD术后的食管狭窄是安全有效的;口服激素可以降低非全环周ESD术后食管狭窄的发生率,但对于预防全环周ESD术后食管狭窄无明显效果;口服激素和局部注射激素均可以减少ESD术后食管狭窄的EBD扩张次数,并且口服激素减少的效果优于局部注射激素。     

内镜下切除十二指肠非壶腹部病变的临床应用分析

目的回顾性分析内镜下切除十二指肠非壶腹部病变(non-ampullary duodenal lesions, NADLs)的安全性和有效性。 方法以在解放军总医院第一医学中心接受内镜下切除NADLs的72例患者为研究对象,对患者的基本资料、手术相关资料和术后随访资料进行回顾性分析。 结果72例患者中,36例行内镜下黏膜切除术、22例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection, ESD)、14例行改良ESD术。整块切除率为83.3%,R0切除率为79.2%。其中6例(8.3%)病变发生穿孔、5例(6.9%)发生迟发出血。68例(94.4%)进行了术后随访,其中8例(11.1%)术后复查时病变局灶复发并再次接受内镜下治疗。 结论内镜下治疗NADLs是可行的、有效的。但是由于十二指肠特殊的解剖学特点,其手术并发症发生率高,需要通过有效的预防措施来降低其发生率。