大鼠癫痫持续状态黑质－腹侧被盖区多巴胺的组织化学研究

本实验用荧光组化技术及记录显微自动曝光时间方法研究了马桑内酯所致的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠癫痫持续状态黑质－腹侧被盖区多巴胺含量的变化。结果显示癫痫发作高峰组（１０只）和发作后组（８只）该区多巴胺含量明显低于对照组（１０只）和发作前组（１０只）。由于多巴胺是一种抑制性神经递质，它的减少可能表明抑制作用的下降对癫痫的发作有一定的调控作用。     

大鼠食管颈段神经形态的组化研究

本文采用多种组化方法结合神经银染技术,对大鼠的食管颈段神经形态观察发现:延髓内双侧疑核的咀侧端及迷走神经背核闩平而附近,分别见散在的多极和梭形标记细胞;颈前、中节、颈胸节和胸交感节(T_2-T_4),结状节,脊神经节(C_2-C_8)内均见标记细胞。 食管壁内的神经束及分支,由粗、细两类神经纤维组成。其中AchE阳性的胆碱能纤维占优势,分别见于外膜丛、肌内丛、粘膜下丛,腺体血管周围和粘膜肌内,粗纤维末梢伸向上皮基部和上皮之间,肌内的神经末梢呈结状膨大。外膜和肌肉见有神经节和散在的神经细胞。而食管壁内肾上腺素能纤维稀少,仅见于神经束和分支内及血管壁周围。     

Do house officers learn from their mistakes?*

Mistakes are inevitable in medicine. To learn how medical mistakes relate to subsequent changes in practice, we surveyed 254 internal medicine house officers. One hundred and fourteen house officers (45%) completed an anonymous questionnaire describing their most significant mistake and their response to it. Mistakes included errors in diagnosis (33%), prescribing (29%), evaluation (21%), and communication (5%) and procedural complications (11%). Patients had serious adverse outcomes in 90% of the cases, including death in 31% of cases. Only 54% of house officers discussed the mistake with their attending physicians, and only 24% told the patients or families. House officers who accepted responsibility for the mistake and discussed it were more likely to report constructive changes in practice. Residents were less likely to make constructive changes if they attributed the mistake to job overload. They were more likely to report defensive changes if they felt the institution was judgmental. Decreasing the work load and closer supervision may help prevent mistakes. To promote learning, faculty should encourage house officers to accept responsibility and to discuss their mistakes.     

牙体修复材料体外充填密合度的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜直接观察及硅橡胶一环氧树脂扫描电镜复型技术观察银汞合金、ＥＢ复合树脂、玻璃离子粘固粉体外充填与釉质、牙骨／本质壁的边缘密合度。结果表明，与牙体组织呈化学性结合的玻璃离子粘固粉与釉质、牙骨／本质壁的密合度好，两壁之间无差别；ＥＢ复合树脂与釉质壁的边缘密合度与玻璃离子粘固粉相似，其缝隙明显小于牙骨／本质壁；银汞合金与釉质壁、牙骨／本质壁的边缘密合度差，且两壁之间无明显差别。     

60例穿透性角膜移植疗效分析

目的：观察穿透性角膜移植的疗效和并发症．方法：对60例(60眼)穿透性角膜移植进行回顾性总结．结果：统计分析表明：角膜植片透明54例(90．00％)，视力≤0．0422例(36．67％)．0．05～0．227例(45．00％),≥0．311例(18．33％)．主要并发症：角膜植片免疫排斥反应17例(28.33％)，继发性青光眼2例(3．33％)．结论：穿透性角膜移植可使角膜盲患复明，但防治术后免疫排斥反应是成功关键。     

云南陆良县农村已婚育龄妇女阴道炎的危险因素分析

对云南省陆良县的２２８７例已婚育龄妇女阴道炎患病情况及其危险因素进行了分析，通过Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归多因素和卡方检验单因素分析。结果表明：陆良县的阴道炎患病率为１０．２３％，Ｌｏ－ｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归筛选出的主要危险因素是职业、目前是否使用避孕方法、妊娠次数、每月性交次数及月经期间用不洁水洗下身；单因素卡方检验筛选出的主要危险因素为年龄、文化程度、职业、结婚年龄、妊娠次数、人流次数、自然流产数、总死产数、死流产总数、目前是否使用避孕方法、过去是否用过避孕方法、每月性交次数及月经期间用不洁水洗下身。     

单克隆抗体反向IHAT检测囊虫病循环抗原

应用抗猪囊虫抗原的单克隆抗体反向间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡＴ），对临床确诊的囊虫病患者进行了血清循环抗原（ＣＡｇ）的检测，阳性率为５１．１４％（６７／１３１）。对１９例脑型囊虫病患者同时测定了血清和脑脊液中的ＣＡｇ，阳性率分别为４７．３６％和７８．９４％，总阳性率为８４．２１％。对治疗０．５３后的１９例患者检测时，血清和脑脊液中ＣＡｇ均呈阴性反应，而检测抗体仍呈阳性反应。５０例正常人、４９例其它寄生虫病及５例其它脑部疾病患者脑脊液的ＣＡｇ均呈阴性反应。结果提示：测定ＣＡｇ对囊虫病活动性感染的诊断及疗效判定均具有一定的实用价值。     

Histopathologic findings in a case of recurrent parotitis in adulthood

Most cases with recurrent parotitis in childhood (RPC) can be cured before puberty.^1–3 A few of them, however, may continue to adulthood.^1–4 To distinguish this condition from other types of chronic parotitis in adults, such as chronic obstructive parotitis,⁵ we suggest that the diagnosis of recurrent parotitis in adults (RPA) be reserved for the cases derived from RPC.⁶ The pathophysiology and development of RPA is still not well known. To our knowledge, there are few reports of RPA in the literature, especially concerning its histopathology. This report describes a cases of RPA studied with sialography and light and electron microscopy.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定药用苹果酸中的马来酸与富马酸

研究了反相ＨＰＬＣ法对药用苹果酸中杂质马来酸及富马酸进行同时测定的方法。使用Ｃ＿１８色谱柱，以ｐＨ值为２．１的硫酸溶液（约为０．００５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）作流动相，检测波长为２１０ｎｍ，苹果酸与马来酸的分离度在２．５以上，马来酸与富马酸的分离度达７．０以上，所测杂质含量的相对标准差均小于２．０％。     

大肠癌中TGF-αTGF-β_1TGF-βRⅠ和TGF-βRⅡ表达及其临床意义

目的　研究TGF α、TGF β1、TGF βRⅠ和TGF βRⅡ在大肠癌发生发展中的作用以及与临床病理参数之间的关系。方法　采用免疫组化SABC法检测 5 6例大肠癌中TGF α、TGF β1、TGF βRⅠ和TGF βRⅡ表达的情况。结果　TGF α和TGF β1在癌组织中的表达积分高于CDM (cancer distantmucosa ,CDM ) ,P <0 .0 5 ;而TGF βRⅠ和TGF βRⅡ ,在癌组织中的表达积分低于CAM (cancer adjacentmucosa ,CAM )P <0 .0 5。结论　大肠癌中TGF α、TGF β1、TGF βRⅠ和TGF βRⅡ表达积分与组织学类型、分化程度和Dukse’分期有关 ,而与肿瘤部位无关。