Children's Behavior During Immunization Injections: A Principle Components Analysis

The Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC-SP) is a 27-item self-assessment questionnaire for pediatric caregivers, designed to measure their reported implementation of family-centered service (FCS). The MPOC-SP was adapted from the well-validated and widely used measure in pediatric rehabilitation, the Measure of Processes of Care. In this article we describe the development, field testing, properties, and utility of this instrument.     

Flibanserin and 8‐OH‐DPAT Implicate Serotonin in Association between Female Marmoset Monkey Sexual Behavior and Changes in Pair‐Bond Quality

IntroductionPsychopathological origins of personally distressing, hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women are unknown, but are generally attributed to an inhibitory neural regulator, serotonin (5‐HT). Flibanserin, a 5‐HT_1A agonist and 5‐HT_2A antagonist, shows promise as a treatment for HSDD.AimTo test the hypothesis that female marmoset sexual behavior is enhanced by flibanserin and diminished by 8‐OH‐DPAT, in order to evaluate the efficacy of serotonergic modulation of female sexual behavior in a pairmate social setting comparable to humans.MethodsSexual and social behavior were examined in eight female marmoset monkeys receiving daily flibanserin (15 mg/kg), 8‐OH‐DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), or corresponding vehicle for 15–16 weeks in a counterbalanced, within‐subject design, while housed in long‐term, stable male–female pairs.Main Outcome MeasuresMarmoset pairmate interactions, including sexual and social behavior, were scored during weeks 5–6 of daily flibanserin, 8‐OH‐DPAT or vehicle treatment. 24‐hour pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs and their metabolites, as well as drug‐induced acute symptoms of the 5‐HT behavioral syndrome were also assessed.ResultsTwo‐way analysis of variance reveals that flibanserin‐treated females attract more male sexual interest (P = 0.020) and trigger increased grooming (P = 0.001) between partners. In contrast, 8‐OH‐DPAT‐treated females show increased rejection of male sexual advances (P = 0.024), a tendency for decreased male sexual interest (P = 0.080), and increased aggression with their male pairmates (P = 0.049).ConclusionsWhile 8‐OH‐DPAT‐treated female marmosets display decreased sexual receptivity and increased aggressive interactions with their male pairmates, flibanserin‐treated female marmosets demonstrate increased affiliative behavior with their male pairmates. Such pro‐affiliation attributes may underlie flibanserin's effectiveness in treating HSDD in women. Aubert Y, Gustison ML, Gardner LA, Bohl MA, Lange JR, Allers KA, Sommer B, Datson NA, and Abbott DH. Flibanserin and 8‐OH‐DPAT implicate serotonin in association between female marmoset monkey sexual behavior and changes in pair‐bond quality. J Sex Med 2012;9:694–707.