36例眼部枪弹伤临床分析

[背景 ]观察枪弹及弹壳伤对眼部损害程度及治疗手段 .[病例报告 ]本组 36例 40眼枪弹伤中(有 5例 5眼为弹壳伤 ) ,火枪、猎枪的铁砂弹及弹壳伤 2 1例 2 5眼 (6 0 % ) ,气枪子弹铅弹伤 10例 10眼(2 7% ) ,玩具枪塑料弹伤 5例 5眼 (13% ) .选择手术治疗 2 5例 2 9眼 (6 9% ) ,药物治疗 11例 11眼(31% ) .治疗结果视力提高 0 1以上为 10例 ,总有效率为 2 7% .[讨论 ]枪弹伤严重损害眼部 ,双眼致盲2例 4眼 ,单眼致盲 14例 14眼 (包括摘除眼球 4例 4眼 ) .     

大鼠肾上腺切除后垂体前叶GAP-43免疫阳性神经纤维的发芽过程

目的　阐明大鼠双侧肾上腺切除后垂体前叶生长相关蛋白 43(GAP- 43)免疫阳性神经纤维表达的量与术后时间点的关系 ,即轴突发芽的时间过程 .方法　免疫组织化学ABC法 .结果　大鼠双侧肾上腺切除术后第 4日垂体前叶GAP- 43阳性表达显著增多 ,第 2周有所下降 ,至第 4周基本降至正常水平 .结论　大鼠在双侧肾上腺切除后 ,垂体前叶出现肽能神经纤维发芽 ,并围绕在腺细胞周围 ,该发芽过程于术后 4～ 7d达到高峰 ,第 2周开始下降 ,第 4周基本结束     

颈动脉体化学感受性在pH降低时的传递机制

目的　探讨胆碱能机制在 p H降低时颈动脉体 (CB)功能活动变化中的作用 .方法　在离体灌流条件下 ,记录颈动脉窦神经 (CSN)传入纤维的化学感受性单位放电 .结果　乙酰胆碱 (ACh)抑制单位放电 (n=16 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,阿托品阻断 ACh的作用 ;尼古丁呈剂量依赖性增加单位放电 (n=10 ,r= 0 .94,P<0 .0 1) ;箭毒可阻断尼古丁的作用 ,对自发放电无显著影响 ;尼古丁并不增加化学感受性单位对 p H降低的放电反应 (n=19) ;p H降低时筒箭毒对化学感受性单位放电变化无显著影响 (n=17) ;硝苯吡啶 (5 mmol· L- 1 )对自发的基础单位放电 (n=8)和刺激诱导的电活动 (n=9)均无明显影响 .结论　胆碱能机制与 p H降低时 CB化学感受性功能活动的改变无直接关系     

AhR基因缺陷与野生型小鼠下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元的不同形态特征

目的　阐明下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元与免疫功能之间的联系 .方法　用免疫组织化学方法 ,对具有免疫功能缺陷的芳香烃受体 (Ah R)基因缺陷小鼠下丘脑室旁核催产素能神经元的形态特征进行观察 .结果　 Ah R基因缺陷小鼠与野生型小鼠相比 ,催产素能神经元突起增多、增粗 ,许多粗大的纤维穿行至第三脑室室管膜下 .基因缺陷小鼠的下丘脑垂体束与野生型小鼠相比更加密集 ,纤维增粗 .结论　 Ah R基因缺陷小鼠下丘脑催产素能神经元发生了塑性变化 ,提示催产素能神经元在神经免疫调节中可能具有重要作用     

天麻丸中天麻的显微定量研究

目的 :制定天麻在天麻丸中的显微定量标准。方法 :用显微定量法 ,以天麻的木化厚壁细胞为显微特征物 ,对天麻丸中的天麻进行测定。结果 :天麻含量与每mg特征数呈显著的线性正相关。回归方程为 y =6 2 35x 1 80× 10 -3 (γ =0 9999,a =0 0 5 )。结论 :显微定量法测定天麻丸中天麻的含量是可行的 ,结果可靠。     

Utilization of cardiovascular drugs (blood pressure lowering drugs, lipid lowering drugs and nitrates) and mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke An ecological analysis based on Sweden's municipalities

Objective: To perform an ecological study in an effort to generate questions concerning the preventive impact of various cardiovascular drugs on mortality from stroke and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the community, and to explore the association between sales of nitrates and mortality from stroke and IHD. Methods: Out-patient drug utilization (sales) of blood pressure lowering drugs, lipid lowering drugs and nitrates were categorized in four groups of equal size by quartiles and compared with mortality from IHD and stroke, using the group of municipalities with the lowest utilization as reference, from 1989 to 1993 in 283 of Sweden's 288 municipalities, by Poisson regression. Adjustments were made for population size, age and gender proportions, the utilization rate of cardiovascular drugs other than the tested drug group and location of the municipality. Results: Compared with the group of municipalities with the lowest sales and adjusting only for population size, mortality from IHD and stroke increased with the extent of utilization of blood pressure lowering drugs and nitrates. In contrast, mortality decreased with increased utilization of lipid lowering drugs. After further adjustments by percentage of men, age structure, geographical location (mid-points) of the municipalities, and, as a proxy for cardiovascular disease, the sales of cardiovascular drugs other than the tested drug group, the increased risk associated with blood pressure lowering drugs disappeared, and there was a dose-response association between sales of diuretics and old antihypertensives and decreasing mortality, sales of nitrates continued to be associated with an increased risk, and the low mortality risk associated with sales of lipid lowering drugs persisted. Conclusion: Lipid lowering drugs may have a preventive impact in the general population, but the preventive impact of blood pressure lowering drugs, with the exception of diuretics and old antihypertensives, may be low in many municipalities. The safety of nitrates needs more investigation at the individual level. Received: 16 April 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 10 November 1998     

盐酸罂粟碱氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检测法实验研究

目的：建立盐酸罂粟碱氯化钠注射液的细茵内毒素检查方法。方法：用两个生产厂的鲎试剂对盐酸罂粟碱氯化钠注射液进行干扰试验研究。结果：盐酸罂粟碱氯化钠注射液对细茵内毒素检查无干扰作用。结论：可以用细茵内毒素检查法(凝胶法)代替家兔热原检查法控制其热原。     

Individuals with an increased risk of colorectal cancer: perceived benefits and psychological aspects of surveillance by means of regular colonoscopies.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the psychological consequences of genetic counseling followed by a surveillance program using colonoscopy among individuals with increased risk of colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred sixty-five individuals, participating in a surveillance program with colonoscopy, were mailed a survey questionnaire that assessed their experience of the surveillance program and their perception of the risk of colorectal cancer. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and the Swedish Short Form-36 Health Survey was also included. RESULTS: Two hundred forty individuals completed the questionnaire and were divided into the following risk groups: risk group 1, an individual with a mutation in hMLH1 or hMSH2 and a lifetime colorectal cancer risk of 80% (n = 28); risk group 2, a lifetime colorectal cancer risk of 40% (n = 129); and risk group 3, a lifetime colorectal cancer risk of 20% (n = 83). Among all individuals, the mean for perceived benefit was 8.0, and the perception of discomfort was 3.3 on the visual analog scale (1-10). In risk group 1, 61% underestimated personal risks as being 40% or less. Approximately 50% of the subjects in risk groups 2 and 3 either under- or overestimated their lifetime risk. According to the Swedish Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, the study sample resembled the reference population. CONCLUSION: A majority of the study sample understood why they were under surveillance, and regular colonoscopies were well-tolerated. The wide range of risk perception as well as low-risk perception in mutation positive subjects is acceptable, as long as these individuals adhere to surveillance programs and do not demonstrate increased levels of anxiety or depression.     

Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention

OBJECTIVES: To investigate maternal knowledge and attitudes about otitis media (OM) risk, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in the first year of life, and to identify barriers to the reduction of risk factors (eg, formula feeding, day care attendance, and exposure to passive smoke). METHODS: Questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of 504 Minnesota women >/=18 years old identified through 1994 birth certificates. RESULTS: Eighty percent returned a completed survey. According to maternal report, 29% of infants (age 8 to 13 months) had recurrent OM (>/=3 episodes) and 2% had tympanostomy tubes. Forty-six percent attended day care, 29% had >/=1 smoking parent, and 49% breastfed for 相似文献