MR imaging of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft

OBJECTIVE. The objective was to determine the MR imaging findings that differentiate intact anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft, partial-thickness tear, and full-thickness tear, using arthroscopy as the gold standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen consecutive MR imaging examinations were retrospectively and independently evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists for primary signs (graft signal, orientation, fiber continuity, complete discontinuity, and thickness) and secondary signs (anterior tibial translation, uncovered posterior horn lateral meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament hyperbuckling, and abnormal posterior cruciate ligament line) of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft tear in 15 patients with follow-up arthroscopy. Results were compared with arthroscopy, and both receiver operating characteristic curves and kappa values for interobserver variability were calculated. RESULTS. Arthroscopy revealed four full-thickness graft tears, seven partial-thickness tears, and five intact grafts. Of the primary signs, graft fiber continuity in the coronal plane and 100% graft thickness in the sagittal or coronal plane were most valuable in excluding full-thickness tear. Complete discontinuous graft in the coronal plane also was valuable in diagnosis of full-thickness tear. Of the secondary signs, anterior tibial translation and uncovered posterior horn lateral meniscus assisted in differentiating graft tear (partial or full thickness) from intact graft. The other primary and secondary signs were less valuable. Kappa values were highest for graft fiber continuity and graft discontinuity in the coronal plane. CONCLUSION. Full-thickness anterior cruciate ligament graft tear can be differentiated from partial-thickness tear or intact graft by evaluating for graft fiber continuity (coronal plane), complete graft discontinuity (coronal plane), and graft thickness (coronal or sagittal plane).     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸酯对体外神经细胞的作用

目的：观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2，2，2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸酯(NMF)，对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法：采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法，解剖分离15d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞，接种于96孔板，48h后加药并培养72h，以MTT法观察NMF对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响；同时将接种于24孔板的细胞预先给予NMF，d3时加或不加KA处理后，以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞，可得出细胞的存活率。结果：NMF明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性，其中NMF 1、0．1、10 nmol·L~(-1)促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达34．7％、37．4％、36．7％。NMF明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活率，与对照组比较，10、1nmol·L~(-1)NMF对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高39．3％、73．5％。NMF能显著对抗KA所致的神经元损伤，与KA损伤组相比，NMF0．1、10、1nmol·L~(-1)对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为77．30％、80．10％、84．15％。结论：NMF明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的活性、提高正常皮层神经元的存活率，并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤，提示NMF是一种很有潜力的治疗AD的药物。     

单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效对比分析

目的评价单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效对比。方法经肺动脉造影或增强螺旋CT证实的急性肺动脉栓塞患者63例，随机分两组，一组单纯肝素抗凝32例，另一组导管内尿激酶溶栓加肝素抗凝31例。结果单纯抗凝治疗总有效率96．7％；导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗总有效率100％，但临床症状改善较快。单纯抗凝无效1例，经导管内溶栓后好转。经导管内溶栓出现消化道出血1例。本观察无1例死亡。结论单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗总有效率相近，无并发症出现。所以对无血液动力学改变的急性肺动脉栓塞单纯肝素抗凝即可取得确切疗效，可降低风险。     

开搏通逆转糖尿病肾小球高滤过的临床评价（附27例分析）

目的观察血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)———开搏通对糖尿病肾小球高滤过患者的短期治疗作用。方法对27例尿白蛋白阴性、血压正常、高肾小球滤过率的糖尿病患者,采用开搏通治疗1个月,比较治疗前后肾小球滤过率(GFR)与尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血压等指标变化,评价开搏通逆转糖尿病肾小球高滤过的临床效果。结果GFR从175.1±24.3ml/min降至138.5±30.0ml/min(P<0.01),27例糖尿病患者中22例GFR明显下降,4例无明显变化,1例略升高;UAER较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05);治疗前后血压均无明显变化。结论开搏通有明显逆转糖尿病患者高肾小球滤过率的作用,且不依赖于血压的下降,具有独特的肾脏保护作用。     

急性单核细胞白血病8年诊治回顾(附68例报告)

目的探讨急性单核细胞白血病的临床特征及不同方案、剂量的疗效.方法分析近8年医治的68例急性单核细胞白血病的临床资料.结果M5占同期收治急性髓细胞白血病的53.9%,30～50岁年龄多见,占55.9%.贫血及浸润症状表现明显.部分以全血细胞减少或高白细胞特征起病.总缓解率67.3%.结论老年M5患者多见全血细胞减少.DA（柔红霉素＋阿糖胞苷）方案较HA（高三尖杉酯碱＋阿糖胞苷）方案缓解率明显提高.强烈化疗对提高完全缓解（CR）率明显有益.     

林可霉素致急性病态窦房结综合征

患者女,22岁。因患痔疮,于2004年2月23日11:00入院。入院查体:T36.4℃,P73次/min,R18次/min,BP84/54mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),神志清楚,心、肺未见异常。ECG:窦性心律,HR73次/min,基本正常。2004年2月24日进行痔疮手术,手术顺利。术后查体:T36.5℃,R18次/min,P69次/min,BP100/60mmHg,意识清楚,心、肺未见异常。给予5%葡萄糖注射液250mL 止血敏3g,1次/d、0.9%氯化钠注射液250mL 林可霉素1.8g,1次/d静滴。手术后第4天,患者出现胸闷,呼吸困难,心慌,乏力,嗜睡、头晕,精神恍惚,BP90/60mmHg,于第5天患者自动出院。回家后第6天早晨,患者胸憋…     

一起水污染致感染性腹泻爆发性流行的调查

肠致病性大肠杆菌（EPEC）引起的感染性腹泻，由于其血清型众多，常难以确定型别，并多引起婴儿腹泻，一般经水和食物引起爆发性流行。2005年4月1-9日，太原理工大学长风校区发生感染性腹泻暴发，3497名学生中，有209例发病，罹患率为5．98％。经现场流行病学调查、临床表现和实验室检测证实为一起因水源污染导致EPEC—O125：K70感染性腹泻爆发性流行。     

对讲机微波辐射对作业人员心脑功能影响的研究

目的探讨对讲机(TPR)微波辐射对人心脑功能的影响.方法随机选择145例男性使用TPR者(接触组)进行心电图(ECG)、脑血流图(REG)、血清心肌5酶谱测定和工作位置微波辐射测定.另选择60例不使用TPR和手机的男性健康者作为对照组.结果接触组ECG总异常率、窦性心动过缓和窦性心律不齐的检出率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),高剂量组ECG总异常率较低剂量组增高(P＜0.01).接触组REG总异常率、转折波的检出率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).高剂量组REG总异常率、转折波检出率均显著高于低剂量组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).接触组肌酸激酶(CK)含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论长期接触TPR微波辐射可引致作业人员神经衰弱综合征,ECG的窦性心动过缓、窦性心律不齐和REG的转折波等改变,可能造成潜在健康危害,应注意做好防护工作.     

电子废弃物回收拆解业工人健康调查

目的 了解从事电子废弃物回收拆解业人群的健康状况,探讨电子废弃物对人体可能的危害.方法 选择汕头市贵屿镇5个从事电子废弃物回收拆解业的自然村作为调查点,对226名电子废弃物回收拆解业工人（拆解业组）及172名非电子废弃物回收拆解人员（对照组）进行健康调查.结果 拆解业组人员头痛头晕（47.7%）、皮疹瘙痒（15.0%）、恶心（11.1%）、失眠（9.7%）、记忆力下降（5.3%）、鼻塞（5.3%）、结膜充血（4.8%）等症状与体征的发生率高于对照组,且有工种差异.电路板回收处理组中,失眠发生率随工作年限的增长有上升的趋势（r=0.998）.结论 不科学的电子废弃物回收拆解方式对从业人员健康有一定影响.     

A simple method for preparing radioactive capsules in colon transit study

Colon transit study is currently performed by delivering technetium-99m or indium-111 labelled activated charcoal to the colon in a methacrylate-coated capsule (coated capsule). However, the coating procedure is complicated and methacrylate has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, a simpler method is needed for the clinical routine use of colon transit study. In this study, we used a commercial empty enteric capsule and a coated capsule for the measurement of colon transit time. We compared the in vitro stability and in vivo scintigraphy of 99mTc-labelled activated charcoal in the coated capsule and the enteric capsule to evaluate the possibility of clinical usage of the enteric capsule for colon transit time study. Activated charcoal powder was mixed with 49mTc-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and vaporized to dryness. The dry 99mTc-DTPA activated charcoal was loaded into the coated capsule and the enteric capsule. In vitro stability study was performed by immersing these capsules in a colourless buffer of variable pH which mimicked the conditions in the stomach and the small bowel. Capsule disruption was determined. Colon transit scintigraphy with 99mTc-DTPA charcoal was performed in five normal volunteers using these two capsules. The in vitro stability of these two types of capsule was similar and the colon transit scintigraphy findings were almost identical. Most capsules dissolved in the ascending colon and very few in the terminal ileum. It is concluded that enteric capsule is a suitable alternative to coated capsule for measurement of colon transit.