阿仑膦酸钠的一般药理研究

ig阿仑膦酸钠2.5,5和10mg/kg对小鼠的协调运动和自主活动,麻醉猫的呼吸频率、呼吸深度、平均动脉压、心率及心电图无明显影响;iv 5mg/kg对麻醉猫的呼吸、血压、心率及心电图亦无明显影响。iv 10mg/kg对麻醉猫的血压有短暂降低作用,对呼吸、心率及心电图无显著改变。     

地塞米松与ATP联用在体外诱导细粒棘球绦虫原头节细胞凋亡的研究

目的 探讨地塞米松与三磷酸腺苷（ATP）联用在体外诱导细粒棘球绦虫原头节细胞凋亡的作用。 方法 体外培养细粒棘球绦虫原头节,分别设地塞米松（5 mmol/L）组、 ATP（1.6 mmol/L）组、 地塞米松（5 mmol/L）+ATP（1.6 mmol/L）组和空白对照组,显微镜下观察原头节变化。药物诱导8 h后,选取原头节形态改变最明显的一组和空白对照组,透射电镜观察这两组原头节的超微结构,原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶标记技术（TUNEL法）检测原头节中的凋亡细胞,半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）活性检测试剂盒检测该酶活性,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测两组原头节的DNA片段。 结果 药物诱导8 h后观察,与对照组相比,地塞米松组和地塞米松+ATP组的原头节均出现团缩、顶突内凹和体积缩小,钙颗粒明显减少且模糊不清,未见原头节活动,其中地塞米松+ATP组原头节的形态改变更明显,故选择该组作为实验组,与空白对照组进行后续试验。透射电镜观察见实验组原头节中实质细胞体积缩小、细胞膜皱缩、细胞基质浓缩、核异染色质凝集呈团块状或新月形边集于核膜下,表现出凋亡细胞的特征。TUNEL法在实验组的原头节中检测到散在的凋亡细胞,对照组则未见凋亡细胞。实验组caspase-3活性约为对照组的12倍。电泳结果显示,实验组DNA中有约150 bp的核小体DNA片段。 结论 地塞米松与ATP联用可在体外诱导细粒棘球绦虫原头节细胞凋亡。     

吗啡增强谷氨酸单钠神经毒性及其作用机制

用皮层神经细胞体外培养、形态学观察、单个神经细胞内游离钙检测及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测定等方法,观察了吗啡对谷氨酸单钠(MSG)神经毒性增强作用以及纳洛酮对吗啡作用的逆转,分析了其可能的作用机制。结果表明:吗啡能显著增强的MSG的细胞毒作用.纳络酮可逆转这种增强作用,细胞内Ca²⁺超载可能是兴奋性神经毒素引起神经元死亡的共同病理学机制。     

A general method for concentrating blood samples in preparation for counting very low numbers of white cells

BACKGROUND: To count extremely low levels of white cells (WBCs) in WBC- reduced blood components, a larger volume of sample must be processed. The goal was to develop an all-purpose method for concentrating the samples obtained from WBC-reduced red cells or platelets. The method was designed to be compatible with a variety of counting techniques. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Coded samples of red cell concentrates with an expected WBC concentration of 200, 100, 50, and 10 per mL and of the diluent (undetectable WBCs/mL) were sent to three sites on five occasions and counted by the use of the concentration method, crystal violet stain, and a Nageotte counting chamber. Additional samples were tested by flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction, and volumetric capillary cytometry. RESULTS: The results from the three test sites showed good linearity, with an overall r2 = 0.9994. The lower limit of accurate detection of the assay was 10 WBCs per mL. The results were biased toward underestimation, particularly at one of the test sites (Site A). There were no significantly different results in Sites B and C. The intra-assay CV was acceptable. Precision (reproducibility) at the three test sites varied. CONCLUSION: This method allows reliable determination of WBC concentrations as low as 0.01 per microL in blood. Despite the use of technologists trained in Nageotte chamber counting, validation testing demonstrated that one test site's performance was significantly different from that of the other two sites, because of both underestimation bias and variation in count results. The sample concentration method, when used in conjunction with an automated assay for WBC identification, should permit larger volume analysis with a greater degree of precision and a lower limit of detection than is found in assays that do not concentrate the sample before counting.     

过度训练机制的研究进展

目的:了解训练适应的生理机制及过度训练与运动能力的定量关系,明确过度训练和疲劳的生理病理界限。资料来源:应用计算机检索万方数据库和中国知网1984/2006有关过度训练机制方面的文章,以"过度训练","机制","机理"等为检索词,限定文章语种为English或中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取包括过度训练的分类、临床表现、诊断及过度训练产生的病理机制密切相关的文献。排除标准:重复性和内容单一文章。资料提炼:共收集50篇关于过度训练机制方面的研究文献。排除文献内容单一的文章20篇,剩余30篇纳入分析。资料综合:①过度训练的临床表现可分为两型,即交感型和副交感型。其症状、机制、运动项目及好发年龄都有所不同,但都表现为运动能力下降。交感型多发于爆发力及非耐力性项目,而副交感型则多发于耐力运动员。②过度训练的诊断主要建立在病史和典型的身体及心理症状上,并辅以生化指标、心电图、脑电图检查等。③内分泌系统兴奋和抑制之间的不平衡是造成过度训练的主要机制。目前在过度训练时免疫机能变化还不能用来解释和预测过度训练,因为这些变化与基础水平相比差别很小,临床意义不大。同步研究过度训练时的病理形态与机能变化对揭示其发病机制有着重要的意义。结论:对于训练适应的机制及训练与运动能力的定量关系的研究已取得了很大进展,但对训练产生适应和由于过度训练引起机能损害之间的界限仍很模糊。     

新疆地区维吾尔族乳腺癌中BRCA1基因突变及P53蛋白的表达

目的:了解新疆地区维吾尔族乳腺癌患者BRCA1基因突变及P53蛋白的表达情况。方法:选择2000-01/2004-06石河子大学医学院第一附属医院、喀什地区第一人民医院病理科收集的70例维吾尔族乳腺癌根治标本。其中维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌(≤35岁,即定为早发性乳腺癌)22例。51例患者淋巴结转移。2例为双侧乳腺癌。另选32例维吾尔族乳腺癌旁非癌组织及乳腺良性病变(纤维腺病及纤维腺瘤)作对照;上述标本为甲醛溶液固定石蜡包埋组织及少量新鲜冰冻组织。运用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析和DNA序列测定的方法检测BRCA1基因突变及用Evision二步法检测P53蛋白的表达。结果:①70例维吾尔族乳腺癌中发现9例BRCA1突变的12个新位点。②70例维吾尔族乳腺癌中BRCA1的突变率为12.86%(9/70);其中22例维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌(≤35岁)BRCA1突变率为31.82%(7/22),高于维吾尔族晚发性乳腺癌(2/48),差异有显著性(χ2=10.295,P<0.01)。③2例双侧乳腺癌中均检测出BRCA1基因的突变。④70例维吾尔族乳腺癌中发现9例BRCA1基因核苷酸多态性位点。⑤BRCA1基因突变相关性乳腺癌中P53蛋白阳性表达率高于对照组,其淋巴结转移率高于对照组,其发病年龄小于对照组。结论:BRCA1基因突变与新疆维吾尔族早发性乳腺癌及双侧乳腺癌的发生密切相关,且BRCA1突变相关性乳腺癌具有P53阳性率高、发病年龄趋于年轻化、淋巴结转移率高的趋势,这些特点有可能为基因检测前的筛选提供参考依据。     

Red cell transfusions in coronary artery bypass surgery (DRGs 106 and 107)

To study red cell transfusion practice in 3216 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) cases in 11 hospitals in 1988, abstracted patient records were stratified by diagnosis related group (DRG) (that is, DRG 106, coronary artery bypass without catheterization, or DRG 107, coronary artery bypass with catheterization) and International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) surgical procedure code. Means of units per transfused patient, age and length of stay, and in-hospital mortality rates were significantly greater for patients in DRG 106 than DRG 107. Gender was a significant factor for transfusion outcomes; female patients were more likely to undergo transfusion, and, when transfused, they received more units of red cells than male patients. For a given DRG/ICD-9-CM surgical procedure class, significant differences were found between hospitals in the percentage of patients transfused, but not in mean units of red cells per transfused patient. However, within individual hospitals, the proportion of patients transfused and the number of units per transfused patient did not vary significantly across DRG/ICD-9-CM procedure classes. These results suggest that circumstances operating within a hospital, still to be identified, had more influence on transfusion decisions than the nature of the surgical intervention.