The purpose of this study was to develop a technique to evaluate the implant-abutment gap of an external hexagon implant system as a function of radius. Six implants of 3.75 mm in diameter (Conexao Sistema de Protese Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and their respective abutments were screw connected and torqued to 20 N cm(-1). The implants were mounted in epoxy assuring an implant long-axis position perpendicular to the vertical axis. Each implant was grounded through its thickness parallel to implant long-axis at six different distance interval. Implant-abutment gap distances were recorded along the implant-abutment region for each section. Individual measurements were related to their radial position through trigonometric inferences. A sixth degree polynomial line fit approach determined radial adaptation patterns for each implant. Micrographs along implant sections showed a approximately 300 mum length implant-abutment engagement region. All implants presented communication between external and internal regions through connection gaps and inaccurate implant-abutment alignment. Average gap distances were not significantly different between implants (P > 0.086). Polynomial lines showed implant-abutment gap values below 10 mum from 0 mum to approximately 250 mum of the implant-abutment engagement region. Gap distances significantly increased from approximately 250 mum to the outer radius of the implant-abutment engagement region. The technique described provided a broader scenario of the implant-abutment gap adaptation compared with previous work concerning implant-abutment gap determination, and should be considered for better understanding mechanical aspects or biological effects of implant-abutment adaptation on peri-implant tissues. 相似文献
Background: Substance use is known to be episodic, dynamic, complex, and highly influenced by the environment, therefore a situational and momentary focus to alcohol craving research is appropriate. Current advances in mobile and wearable technology provide novel opportunities for craving research. However, the lack of consensus within craving theory impedes the identification and prioritization of parameters to be monitored. The aim of this study is to critically review current craving models in order to determine viable theoretical frameworks of alcohol craving and its essential parameters.
Methods: Eighteen models of craving were reviewed by applying a literature search with a five-step strategy that accounted for the momentary nature of craving and included a snowballing search and a key term extraction algorithm. Based on this review, multiple decision criteria were defined upon which to evaluate the models.
Results: Six models for alcohol craving were supported by sufficient empirical research to be eligible. The inferences drawn on these six models resulted in three decision criteria: the model should (1) incorporate negative affect as a predictor of relapse; (2) explain that dependent drinkers have a higher attentional bias towards alcohol cues than nondependent drinkers; (3) incorporate increased risk of relapse with heightened stress levels.
Conclusions: The affective processing model of negative reinforcement, the cognitive processing model, the incentive sensitization theory of addiction and the theory of neural opponent motivation are classified as viable theoretical frameworks, resulting in negative affect and stress as relevant parameters to include in real-time craving monitoring research. 相似文献
Die Anaesthesiologie - Anhand einer fiktiven Kasuistik wird die aktuelle Leitlinie „Peripartale Blutungen, Diagnostik und Therapie“ mit einem Schwerpunkt auf die anästhesiologische... 相似文献
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperinsulinemia on myocardial and hepatic distribution and metabolism of 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid ([18F]FTHA).Procedures Mitochondrial retention and intracellular lipid incorporation of [18F]FTHA were compared to that of [14C]-2-bromopalmitate or [14C]palmitate during hyperinsulinemic clamp vs. saline infusion in male Wistar rats.Results Mitochondrial 18F activity was increased in the heart (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1% ID/g, P < 0.05), whereas it was reduced in the liver (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4% ID/g, P < 0.05) during insulin vs. saline infusion, respectively. Mitochondrial [14C]-2-bromopalmitate activity was affected by insulin in a similar way in both tissues. The fractional esterification of [18F]FTHA into triglycerides was impaired compared to [14C]palmitate in both tissues, and [18F]FTHA was insensitive to the shift of esterification of fatty acids into complex lipids in response to insulin.Conclusions [18F]FTHA is sensitive to insulin-induced modifications of free fatty acid oxidative metabolism in rats but is insensitive to changes in nonoxidative fatty acid metabolism. 相似文献
The efficacy of immunomagnetic beads to purge human myeloma cells from bone marrow ex vivo was evaluated. The optimal conditions for purging were studied first by using three myeloma cell lines: RPMI-8226, SKO- 007, and SKMM-2. Myeloma cells labeled with the vital fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 were admixed with normal bone marrow cells, and two monoclonal antibodies reactive with the myeloma cells (PCA-1 and BL-3) were added alone or in combination with the cells. Magnetic beads coated with goat antimouse immunoglobulin G were then added, and the tumor cells to which beads were attached were separated from the mixture with a magnet. The efficacy of tumor cell removal was dependent on the bead-to-tumor ratio; a ratio of more than 500 was optimal in the presence of excess normal marrow cells. The combination of monoclonal antibodies PCA-1 and BL-3 increased the tumor cell removal as compared with either antibody alone. Two cycles of treatment were more effective than one cycle was. Under optimal conditions, 2.3 to 4 logs of tumor cells could be removed from the mixture containing 10% myeloma cells without a significant loss of normal hematopoietic progenitors as measured by CFU-GM, CFU-GEM, and BFU-E. When the efficacy of this procedure was tested on fresh bone marrow from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by using the combination of PCA-1, BL-3, and J-5, 1.6 to 2.5 logs of tumor cells could be removed by one cycle of treatment, even from marrows containing less than 10% myeloma cells. These observations support the use of monoclonal antibody combinations and immunobeads as a reliable and nontoxic method to eliminate contaminating myeloma cells ex vivo in preparation for autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with MM. 相似文献
We have compared the oxidative metabolism of human eosinophils (80%-90% purity) to that of neutrophils. Hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity of eosinophils was higher than that of neutrophils under either resting or phagocytizing conditions. Eosinophil HMP shunt activity also was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, a membrane- active agent. Eosinophils showed a marked incorporation of 125I into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material under resting conditions, which increased markedly during phagocytosis. Eosinophils likewise showed a greater reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye during phagocytosis than did neutrophils. Measurement of other parameters of oxidative metabolism indicated that eosinophils generated superoxide anion following phagocytosis and also elicited a burst of chemiluminescence similar to that observed during phagocytosis by neutrophils. Measurement of NADPH oxidase activity demonstrated that this enzyme was 3-6 times more active in fractions isolated from eosinophils than in corresponding fractions isolated from neutrophils; this was observed over a range of substrate concentrations. The eosinophil enzyme sedimented differently than the neutrophil enzyme with differential centrifugation; neither showed sedimentation characteristics of peroxidase. These data indicate that eosinophils possess a similar, although in some ways more potent, oxidative burst than neutrophils and are consistent with a role for NADPH oxidase in the initiation of that burst. 相似文献
Chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) cells which contained a high concentration of unsaturated folate binding protein were incubated in suspension culture for a period of 5 h. Cell samples were periodically assayed for binder and these demonstrated active synthesis which was inhibited by puromycin, cyclo heximide, N-ethylmaleimide, and by incubation at 4 degrees C, but not by actinomycin D. Folate binding activity could also be demonstrated in the culture medium and this increased with the duration of incubation. This release of binder was inhibited by culturing the cells at 4 degrees C and by the addition of N-ethylmaleimide, but not by actinomycin D, puromycin, or cycloheximide. When the pre- and post-culture cell lysates were saturated with tritiated folic acid ([3H]PteGlu) and subjected to chromatography on DEAE-agrarose, approximately half of the bound folate eluted with 0.001 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and the other half eluted with 0.2 M buffer at pH 7.2. The culture medium and plasma from this patient with CGL was well as serum from two normal subjects saturated with [3H]PteGlu and similarly chromatographed contained primarily the acidic binder and much less of the binder eluting with the low molarity buffer. Since a folate binding protein immunochemically similar to the binder in CGL cells has been identified in the serum of non-leukaemic subjects, these experiments suggest that the source of circulating folate binding protein may be the immature granulocyte. 相似文献