不同影像检查在乳腺结构扭曲中的研究进展

我国乳腺癌的发病率占女性恶性肿瘤疾病的首位,结构扭曲病变(architectural distortion,AD)作为触诊阴性乳腺癌的第三最常见影像学表现,也是乳腺癌最早出现的征象,具有重要的临床价值。AD具有较高的漏诊率及假阳性率。本文通过查阅文献,针对超声、乳腺X线摄影、乳腺数字三维断层摄影技术及核磁共振成像技术在乳腺结构扭曲病变中的研究进展及优缺点进行分析,进一步指导科学研究及临床工作。     

不同时间电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应和免疫功能的影响

目的观察不同时点电针对直肠癌开腹手术患者围术期应激反应及免疫功能的影响。方法240例择期行直肠癌根治性开腹手术而住院的患者,随机分为A组、B组、C组、D组,每组60例。A组设为空白对照组,B组于手术前1 d、C组于手术前1 d和麻醉诱导前30 min、D组分别于手术前1 d、麻醉诱导前30 min及手术后1 d行电针。分别于手术前1 d电针前(T1)、麻醉诱导前电针前(T2)、术毕(T3)和手术后1 d电针后(T4)4个时间采集患者空腹外周静脉血,用Sysmex血细胞分析仪对白细胞与中性粒细胞进行计数;ELISA检测急性期C反应蛋白(CRP)与热反应蛋白70(HSP70)以及细胞因子白介素6(IL-6)、干扰素(IFN-g)、白介素4(IL-4)水平,并计算IFN-g与IL-4比值;采用流式细胞仪测定CD4、CD8的细胞含量并计算两者比值。结果HSP70与CRP水平、白细胞数与中性粒细胞数、IL-4与IL-6水平变化趋势均一致,4组T1、T2时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与B组T3和T4时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组、D组T3和T4时间显著低于A组与B组(P<0.05);D组T4时间显著低于C组(P<0.05);4组T2时间与T1时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T3时间高于T2时间(P<0.05),T4时间低于T3时间(P<0.05)。IFN-g变化不显著(P>0.05),IFN-g/IL-4、CD4/CD8变化趋势与以上相反。结论电针术前使用对直肠癌患者无显著疗效,但能够减轻术后应激反应和免疫抑制,并且随着电针次数的合理增加疗效更加显著。     

六西格玛在肿瘤标志物质量目标选择上的应用

目的应用6σ理论对肿瘤标志物项目的分析性能进行评价，并初步确定各项目的质量目标。 方法收集本实验室2018年1至12月室内质控数据和国家卫生健康委临床检验中心室间质量评价结果，以生物学变异导出的质量规范和国家室间质量评价标准作为允许总误差(TEa)计算6项肿瘤标志物的σ水平，并依据质量目标选择流程图和肿瘤标志物分析性能验证图评价肿瘤标志物的分析性能，进而为肿瘤标志物选择合适的质量目标。 结果应用不同层级的生物学变异导出的质量规范和国家室间质量评价标准，肿瘤标志物项目的σ水平存在显著差异；依据质量目标选择流程图：选择生物学变异导出的"适当的"质量规范作为CA125项目的质量目标，选择生物学变异导出的"最低的"质量规范作为t-PSA、CEA、AFP、CA199和CA153项目的质量目标。 结论6σ能够客观评价肿瘤标志物的分析性能，并为实验室质量目标的选择提供重要的参考价值。     

Peripheral whole blood FOXP3 TSDR methylation: a potential marker in severity assessment of autoimmune diseases and chronic infections

Immune dysregulation is a cardinal feature of autoimmune diseases and chronic microbial infections. In particular, regulatory T cells are downregulated in autoimmune diseases while upregulated in chronic microbial infections. FOXP3 is the master regulator of Treg development. Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) is a highly conserved locus on the FOXP3 gene that is fully demethylated in natural Tregs but methylated in effector T cells. In our study, we used high resolution melt-polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR) to determine the FOXP3 TSDR methylation status in autoimmune diseases and chronic microbial infections. We found that FOXP3 TSDR to have the highest mean melting temperature (highly methylated) in active SLE patients compared to all the other groups (p?<?0.001). The psoriasis group also had a significantly high mean melting temperature (78.62?±?0.20) when compared with the inactive SLE group (78.49?±?0.29, p?<?0.05) and control group (78.44?±?0.25, p?<?0.01). There was no significant difference in melting temperature between inactive SLE and healthy controls. Disease activity in SLE was directly associated with methylation of the FOXP3 TSDR. On the other hand, patients with chronic microbial infections had significantly lower FOXP3 TSDR mean melting temperature (demethylated) when compared with healthy controls (78.28?±?0.21 vs 78.44?±?0.25, p?<?0.05). Our results suggest that the use of HRM-PCR to detect FOXP3 TSDR methylation status is a reliable and easy method to predict natural regulatory T cell levels in peripheral blood in different disease conditions. Determining FOXP3 TSDR methylation status can be a useful tool in diagnosis, and monitoring the severity of autoimmune diseases and chronic microbial infections.     

Psychosocial mechanisms of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence of prostate cancer survivors

Abstract

Purpose: We examined underlying psychosocial processes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence (UI) of prostate cancer survivors.

Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from a clinical trial.

Sample: Two hundred forty-four prostate cancer survivors who participated in a clinical trial of behavioral intervention to UI as intervention or control subjects.

Methods: The participants had a 3-month behavioral intervention or usual care and were followed up for an additional 3?months. They were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6?months. Latent growth curve models were performed to examine trajectories of each study variable and relationships among the variables.

Findings: Increasing self-efficacy and social support were significantly and independently associated with more reduction of urinary leakage frequency over time.

Implications for psychosocial oncology: Providing problem-solving skills and social support, including peer support, are essential for empowering patients to reduce UI.